Adequacy of Current State Setbacks for Directional High-Volume Hydraulic Fracturing in the Marcellus, Barnett, and Niobrara Shale Plays.

Background: There is an increasing awareness of the multiple potential pathways leading to human health risks from hydraulic fracturing. Setback distances are a legislative method to mitigate potential risks.

Objectives: We attempted to determine whether legal setback distances between well-pad sites and the public are adequate in three shale plays.

State-level legal preparedness for nuclear and radiological emergencies in the U.S.: a network analysis of state laws and regulations.

Objective: This study explored if and to what extent the laws of U.S. states mirrored the U.