Comparative analysis of the B cell receptor repertoire during relapse and remission in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, multifactorial, inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which involves an autoimmune response against components of the myelin sheaths. Anti-B cell therapies have been proven to be successful in reducing relapses. Therefore, the study of B cells in both phases of the disease (relapse and remission) is of great importance.

Presence and Persistence of Bacteria before and after Hospital Wastewater Treatment.

The metagenomic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in wastewater has been suggested as a methodological tool to characterize the distribution, status, and trends of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this study, a cross-sectional collection of samples of hospital-associated raw and treated wastewater were obtained from February to March 2020. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed to characterize bacterial abundance and antimicrobial resistance gene analysis.

Characterization of immunoglobulin in the gigantic genome of .

Background: The axolotl, is a unique biological model for complete tissue regeneration. Is a neotenic endangered species and is highly susceptible to environmental stress, including infectious disease. In contrast to other amphibians, the axolotl is particularly vulnerable to certain viral infections.

Author Correction: Analysis of sequencing strategies and tools for taxonomic annotation: Defining standards for progressive metagenomics.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Analysis of sequencing strategies and tools for taxonomic annotation: Defining standards for progressive metagenomics.

Metagenomics research has recently thrived due to DNA sequencing technologies improvement, driving the emergence of new analysis tools and the growth of taxonomic databases. However, there is no all-purpose strategy that can guarantee the best result for a given project and there are several combinations of software, parameters and databases that can be tested. Therefore, we performed an impartial comparison, using statistical measures of classification for eight bioinformatic tools and four taxonomic databases, defining a benchmark framework to evaluate each tool in a standardized context.

Lower IgG somatic hypermutation rates during acute dengue virus infection is compatible with a germinal center-independent B cell response.

Background: The study of human B cell response to dengue virus (DENV) infection is critical to understand serotype-specific protection and the cross-reactive sub-neutralizing response. Whereas the first is beneficial and thus represents the ultimate goal of vaccination, the latter has been implicated in the development of severe disease, which occurs in a small, albeit significant, fraction of secondary DENV infections. Both primary and secondary infections are associated with the production of poly-reactive and cross-reactive IgG antibodies.

Longitudinal analysis of the peripheral B cell repertoire reveals unique effects of immunization with a new influenza virus strain.

Background: Despite the potential to produce antibodies that can neutralize different virus (heterotypic neutralization), there is no knowledge of why vaccination against influenza induces protection predominantly against the utilized viral strains (homotypic response). Identification of structural patterns of the B cell repertoire associated to heterotypic neutralization may contribute to identify relevant epitopes for a universal vaccine against influenza.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from volunteers immunized with 2008/2009 trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV), pandemic H1N1 (pdmH1N1) monovalent inactivated vaccine (MIV) and the 2014/2015 TIV.

Reconstructing and mining the B cell repertoire with ImmunediveRsity.

The B cell antigen receptor repertoire is highly diverse and constantly modified by clonal selection. High-throughput DNA sequencing (HTS) of the lymphocyte repertoire (Rep-Seq) represents a promising technology to explore such diversity ex-vivo and assist in the identification of antigen-specific antibodies based on molecular signatures of clonal selection. Therefore, integrative tools for repertoire reconstruction and analysis from antibody sequences are needed.