Optimizing facial rejuvenation outcomes by combining poly-L-lactic acid, hyaluronic acid, calcium hydroxylapatite, and neurotoxins: two case studies.

Reversal of the visible signs of facial aging with the use of injectable products as an alternative to surgery has become more popular, with nearly 5 million procedures performed in the United States in 2012. Volume augmentation products, such as hyaluronic acid (HA), calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA), and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), are often used in combination with one another and with neurotoxins for facial rejuvenation because of the complementary modes of action. This article presents 2 case reports involving patientspecific combinations of 2 different HA products, injectable PLLA, and CaHA with incobotulinumtoxinA or abobotulinumtoxinA.

Single-arm study for the characterization of human tissue response to injectable poly-L-lactic acid.

Background: Injectable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is a synthetic polymer indicated for the correction of facial wrinkles and folds. Animal studies have shown that implantation of PLLA stimulates collagen synthesis; human studies have been limited.

Objective: To investigate human tissue response to injectable PLLA.

A decade of experience with injectable poly-L-lactic acid: a focus on safety.

Background: Injectable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is a biodegradable synthetic polymer device that stimulates collagen production, leading to gradual volume restoration. It has been used worldwide for more than a decade to treat the lines and wrinkles of the aging face and in individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus for treatment of facial lipoatrophy.

Objective: To provide an overview of the experience with injectable PLLA in Europe and the United States and the practices that have improved product use.

Injectable poly-L-lactic acid for human immunodeficiency virus-associated facial lipoatrophy: cumulative year 2 interim analysis of an open-label study (FACES).

Background: Studies of injectable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated facial lipoatrophy have predominantly included male Caucasians.

Objective: To report cumulative year 2 interim study results examining the safety and efficacy of injectable PLLA in subjects with HIV categorized according to Fitzpatrick skin type and sex.

Materials And Methods: This is an ongoing open-label, multicenter, 5-year study of 290 treated subjects.