A Disfiguring Rash.

Patients with rheumatologic conditions can have complex dermatologic manifestations. In addition, immunosuppressing treatment for autoimmune disorders can also increase incidence of infectious complications. Skin conditions in rheumatologic patients present particular challenges and this case highlights a rare infectious complication.

Progressive and disseminated histoplasma infection and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in an immunocompetent adult.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in adults is a life-threatening underdiagnosed disorder that complicates different infectious syndromes and overlaps with sepsis. No guidelines are available for the management of HLH in adults. A high index of suspicion is required in patients with disseminated histoplasmosis.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Maintain High Levels of Infectivity in the Complete Absence of Mucin-Type O-Glycosylation.

A highly conserved threonine near the C terminus of gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) was investigated for its contributions to envelope protein function and virion infectivity. When this highly conserved Thr residue was substituted with anything other than serine (the other amino acid that can accept O-glycosylation), the resulting virus was noninfectious. We found that this Thr was critical for the association of gp120 with the virion and that amino acid substitution increased the amount of dissociated gp120 in the cell culture supernatant.

Highlights from the Third Biennial Strategies for an HIV Cure Meeting: 14-16 November 2016, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Since the first Strategies for an HIV Cure Meeting organised by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) in 2012, one of the primary purposes of the meeting has been to facilitate communication and foster collaboration across the NIAID-funded Martin Delaney Collaboratories for HIV cure research (MDC), the broader HIV cure-related research field, and industry and community stakeholders. This year's meeting agenda reflected NIAID's increasing investment over the last 5 years in research to identify strategies for eradicating or achieving long-term remission of HIV infection. Overviews and research highlights were presented from each of the Martin Delaney Collaboratories, as well as projects funded through the Beyond HAART programme, the Consortia for Innovative AIDS Research in Nonhuman Primates (CIAR) programme, the ACTG and IMPAACT clinical trial networks, and the NIAID Vaccine Research Center in hopes of stimulating cross-talk and synergy among these and other programmes focused on HIV cure research.

Understanding the Intersection of Young Age, Mucosal Injury, and HIV Susceptibility.

Adolescent boys and girls are disproportionately affected in the current HIV epidemic. Numerous sociobehavioral studies have addressed the indirect drivers surrounding this vulnerability-for example, socioeconomic, geographical locale, and all forms of violence. However, the direct factors that may influence infection, such as the anatomical and physiological maturation of the anogenital tracts of adolescents or the trauma and wound-healing processes of injured mucosal tissue, are understudied and represent a gap within the HIV prevention field.

The NIH Extracellular RNA Communication Consortium.

The Extracellular RNA (exRNA) Communication Consortium, funded as an initiative of the NIH Common Fund, represents a consortium of investigators assembled to address the critical issues in the exRNA research arena. The overarching goal is to generate a multi-component community resource for sharing fundamental scientific discoveries, protocols, and innovative tools and technologies. The key initiatives include (a) generating a reference catalogue of exRNAs present in body fluids of normal healthy individuals that would facilitate disease diagnosis and therapies, (b) defining the fundamental principles of exRNA biogenesis, distribution, uptake, and function, as well as development of molecular tools, technologies, and imaging modalities to enable these studies,

Interprofessional mental health training in rural primary care: findings from a mixed methods study.

The benefits of interprofessional care in providing mental health services have been widely recognized, particularly in rural communities where access to health services is limited. There continues to be a need for more continuing interprofessional education in mental health intervention in rural areas. There have been few reports of rural programs in which mental health content has been combined with training in collaborative practice.

Imaging's insights into human violence.

Following every well-publicized act of incomprehensible violence, the news media rush to interview neighbors, family members, and experts in an attempt to discover what could have led an individual to commit such a barbarous act. Certain stock answers are reiterated: video games, bullying, violent films, mental illness, the availability of guns, and a society that is increasingly both anonymous and callous. Might imaging be one of the more valuable keys to unlocking the mysteries of violent, aggressive people? This article explores these questions and their complex answers in the context of violent individuals.

Accelerated death rate in population-based cohort of persons with traumatic brain injury.

Objectives: To determine the influence of preexisting heart, liver, kidney, cancer, stroke, and mental health problems and examine the influence of low socioeconomic status on mortality after discharge from acute care facilities for individuals with traumatic brain injury.

Participants: Population-based retrospective cohort study of 33695 persons discharged from acute care hospital with traumatic brain injury in South Carolina, 1999-2010.

Main Measures: Days elapsing from the dates of injury to death established the survival time (T).

What imaging teaches us about pain.

Pain diminishes the quality of life for many people, although it also may be a vital teacher or a warning message to be heeded. How humans process pain is a complicated, individualized process affected by genetics, personality, life experiences, and straightforward physiological processes. Imaging provides investigators with insight into this complicated phenomenon, and it promises to continue to help experts understand not only how pain is processed, but also why chronic pain develops in some people but not others, how we might better manage pain, and how pain may have played a key role in human evolution.

Imaging sleep and sleep disorders.

Sleep, a natural alteration in consciousness, is increasingly difficult to achieve for more than a third of the U.S. population.

Rural professionals' perceptions of interprofessional continuing education in mental health.

We describe the impact of an interprofessional education programme in mental health for professionals in six rural Canadian communities. The 10-session programme, offered primarily via videoconference, focussed on eight domains of mental health practice. One hundred and twenty-five professionals, representing 15 professions, attended at least some sessions, although attendance was variable.

Medical imaging of explosion injuries.

Diagnosing and caring for injuries caused by explosives were once almost exclusively the province of combat medical personnel, but with the increase in foreign and domestic terrorism, civilians have become targets. Blasts create complicated medical pictures and paint a wide swath of injuries. Medical responders and hospitals must focus on planning for mass casualty incidents.

Using medical imaging to decipher autism.

A steady stream of news stories reflects a growing focus on research concerning autism. Increasingly, scientists endeavor to identify the possible causes of the disorder, to explore the differences between autistic and neurotypical brains and to emphasize the need for accurate, timely diagnosis and early intervention. Several controversies surround the puzzle that is autism, including what culprits might be responsible for so many newly diagnosed cases each year.

Imaging diabetes.

The American Diabetes Association recently released a report on the economic costs of diabetes in the United States. Authors of the report concluded that in 2007 the national economic burden of diabetes exceeded $174 billion. However, even such sobering statistics cannot quantify the emotional toll diabetes exacts on patients, their friends and families.

Integrating self-help materials into mental health practice.

Problem Addressed: Patients' mental health issues have become an increasing focus of Canadian family physicians' practices. A self-help approach can help meet this demand, but there are few guidelines for professionals about how to use mental health self-help resources effectively.

Objective Of Program: To aid health professionals in integrating self-help materials into their mental health practices.

Imaging in podiatry.

This article examines the vulnerability of the foot to injury and disease and the role imaging plays in ferreting out the causes of pain and dysfunction. The discussion includes a broad overview of foot disorders and describes the expanding role played by imaging in the diagnosis and management of food disorders.

Legal trends in imaging: an update.

In 2004, a similarly titled article,"Legal Trends in Imaging," was published in this Journal; it described medical malpractice cases involving imaging, the role of imaging in criminal trials and evolving legal concerns raised by newer imaging technologies. This article provides an update on the ever-expanding relationship between the law and imaging. Readers are cautioned that nothing contained in this article is intended as legal advice and should not be taken as such.

Diagnosis and treatment of back pain.

Back pain is one of the most prevalent medical problems seen by primary care physicians, and it costs the American public billions of dollars each year. Yet, accurate diagnosis and successful treatment remain elusive. Medical imaging plays an increasing role in helping to diagnose back pain causes, pinpoint treatments and study how back pain might be addressed more adequately.

Legal trends in imaging.

As long ago as 400 BC, Hippocrates and his followers recognized that someone must oversee the practice of medicine and impose effective consequences when practice proves substandard. This article focuses primarily upon negligence law, trends toward using imaging in criminal cases and the intersection between the law and controversial, cutting-edge uses of imaging. The ways in which the law and medicine interact as opponents and as partners are described.

Patient advocacy: the technologist's role.

This article provides an overview of the various ways in which imaging professionals can demonstrate patient advocacy on a day-to-day basis and throughout their careers. Advocacy encompasses a wide range of attitudes and activities, and implementing its principles can bring new enthusiasm to the workplace and increase job satisfaction. After completing this article, readers will: Describe the fundamental aspects of advocacy.

Rural interdisciplinary mental health team building via satellite: a demonstration project.

This paper reports on the results of a demonstration project that examined the role of telehealth/telemedicine (hereafter referred to as telehealth) in providing interdisciplinary mental health training and support to health professionals in a rural region of Atlantic Canada. Special emphasis was placed on addressing the question of how training might affect interdisciplinary collaboration among the rural health professionals. Five urban mental health professionals from three disciplines provided training and support via video-satellite and internet, print and video resources to 34 rural health and community professionals.