A cross-sectional study of periportal fibrosis and Schistosoma mansoni infection among school-aged children in a hard-to-reach area of Madagascar.

Background: A cross-sectional survey was performed to estimate the prevalence of periportal fibrosis in children based on ultrasound examination in the Marolambo district of the Atsinanana region of Madagascar. This is a remote area known to have a high prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis.

Methods: School-aged children (5-14 y) were selected from six villages for parasitological and sonographic examination.

Ischemic stroke as a complication of cryptococcal meningitis and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a case report.

Background: Cryptococcal meningitis remains the leading cause of adult meningitis in Sub-Saharan Africa. Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) following anti-retroviral therapy (ART) initiation is an important complication. Here we report the first documented case of a IRIS reaction presenting as an ischemic stroke.

One hundred years of neglect in paediatric schistosomiasis.

Early in the history of schistosomiasis research, children under 5 years of age were known to be infected. Although this problem was recognized over 100 years ago, insufficient action has been taken to address this issue. Under current policy, such infected children only receive their first antiparasitic treatment (praziquantel - PZQ) upon entry into primary school as current mass drug administration programmes typically target school-aged children.

The effect of a tuberculosis chest X-ray image reference set on non-expert reader performance.

Objectives: In low-resource settings, limitations in diagnostic accuracy of chest X-rays (CXR) for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) relate partly to non-expert interpretation. We piloted a TB CXR Image Reference Set (TIRS) to improve non-expert performance in an operational setting in Malawi.

Methods: Nineteen doctors and clinical officers read 60 CXR of patients with suspected PTB, at baseline and using TIRS.

Metastases of colorectal carcinoma: comparison of soft- and hard-copy helical CT interpretation.

Purpose: To compare soft- and hard-copy computed tomographic (CT) image interpretation with regard to evaluation time and detection rates for hepatic and extrahepatic colorectal metastases in candidates for liver surgery.

Materials And Methods: In 20 patients with a history of colorectal carcinoma, two radiologists independently evaluated CT data sets. Focal hepatic lesions were characterized as benign or malignant by using a five-point scale.

Magnetic resonance imaging of fetal bone marrow for quantitative definition of the human fetal stem cell compartment.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to distinguish bone marrow (BM) from cartilage and may therefore be used to measure BM volume in intact bones. We used MRI to measure the total human fetal BM volume in intact fetuses during the second trimester of pregnancy and determined the contribution of the individual bones to the total compartment. The total BM volume ranged from 934 microL at 17 to 18 weeks to 4563 microL at 22 to 23 weeks of gestation.