Primary Septic Arthritis in Children Demonstrates Presumed and Confirmed Varieties Which Require Age-specific Evaluation and Treatment Strategies.

Background: There is uncertainty involved in the evaluation and treatment of children suspected to have septic arthritis particularly when no causative pathogen is confirmed. This study evaluates children with primary septic arthritis to refine the processes of evaluation and treatment and improve the rate of pathogen confirmation.

Methods: Children suspected to have septic arthritis from 2009 to 2019 were retrospectively studied.

Children with Primary Septic Arthritis Have a Markedly Lower Risk of Adverse Outcomes Than Those with Contiguous Osteomyelitis.

Background: It is widely believed that septic arthritis poses a risk of joint destruction and long-term adverse outcomes for children if not treated emergently. In the present study, children who had primary confirmed septic arthritis were compared with those who had septic arthritis and adjacent osteomyelitis to evaluate differences that affect the relative risk of adverse outcomes.

Methods: Children who underwent multidisciplinary treatment for septic arthritis with or without contiguous osteomyelitis between 2009 and 2019 were retrospectively studied.

Primary Septic Arthritis Among Children 6 to 48 Months of Age: Implications for PCR Acquisition and Empiric Antimicrobial Selection.

Introduction: Primary septic arthritis requires unique evaluation and treatment considerations for children in the 6- to 48-month age range because of the spectrum of identified pathogens and high rate of negative cultures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate primary septic arthritis in this age group in order to differentiate children with infection caused by Kingella kingae from those with other confirmed pathogens and those with no identified pathogen.

Methods: Preschool children who underwent multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment for septic arthritis between 2009 and 2019 were retrospectively studied.

Stimulation of medial prefrontal cortex serotonin 2C (5-HT(2C)) receptors attenuates cocaine-seeking behavior.

Serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT(2C)R) agonists administered systemically attenuate both cocaine-primed and cue-elicited reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior. To further elucidate the function of these receptors in addiction-like processes, this study examined the effects of microinfusing the 5-HT(2C)R agonist MK212 (0, 10, 30, 100 ng/side/0.2 microl) into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) on cocaine self-administration and reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior.

Stimulation of 5-HT(1B) receptors enhances cocaine reinforcement yet reduces cocaine-seeking behavior.

Paradoxically, stimulation of 5-HT(1B) receptors (5-HT(1B)Rs) enhances sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of cocaine but attenuates incentive motivation for cocaine as measured using the extinction/reinstatement model. We revisited this issue by examining the effects of a 5-HT(1B)R agonist, CP94253, on cocaine reinforcement and cocaine-primed reinstatement, predicting that CP94253 would enhance cocaine-seeking behavior reinstated by a low priming dose, similar to its effect on cocaine reinforcement. Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine (0.

Cancer risk in endoscopically unresectable colon polyps.

Background: The purpose of the current study was to define the rate of underlying malignancy in endoscopically unresectable polyps.

Methods: An institutional review board-approved review identified all patients undergoing colectomy for radiologically identified or endoscopically unresectable polyps between 1997 and 2006. Patients were included if the endoscopic impression and biopsy findings suggested an adenomatous polyp without invasive cancer.

Effect of sleep deprivation on the performance of simulated laparoscopic surgical skill.

Background: Resident work hours may impact patient care. We hypothesized that "call-associated" acute sleep deprivation has no effect on technical dexterity as measured on a minimally invasive surgery trainer, virtual reality (MIST VR) surgical simulator.

Methods: Thirty-five surgical residents were prospectively evaluated pre-call (rested), on-call (rested), and post-call (acutely sleep deprived).

Routine upper gastrointestinal Gastrografin swallow after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Background: Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) swallow radiographs following laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP) may detect an obstruction or an anastomotic leak. The aim of our study was to determine the efficacy of routine imaging following LRYGBP.

Methods: Radiograph reports were reviewed for 201 consecutive LRYGBP operations between April 1999 and June 2001.