Resistiveness to care during assistance with activities of daily living in non-institutionalized persons with dementia: associations with informal caregivers' stress and well-being.

Objectives: Resistiveness to care (RTC) refers to behavior problems that co-occur during assistance with activities of daily living (ADL). RTC are considered challenging, but are mostly studied in institutions with implications for patients and formal caregivers. RTC is associated with agitation, but agitation is considered a separate construct.

Mediating relationships within the Disablement Process model: a cross-sectional study of the oldest-old.

The Disablement Process model proposes a pathway for how chronic diseases in late life can lead to disability, with the variables in the main pathway designated as pathology, impairment, functional limitations, and disability. The model also suggests that psychosocial and contextual variables in the periphery of the model affect disability outcomes. The current study included 149 Swedish adults aged 86, 90, or 94 living in the community or in institutions who answered questions and performed tasks of physical and cognitive ability.

Physical, cognitive, and psychosocial variables from the Disablement Process Model predict patterns of independence and the transition into disability for the oldest-old.

Purpose: This study used the Disablement Process Model to predict whether a sample of the oldest-old maintained their disability or disability-free status over a 2- and 4-year follow-up, or whether they transitioned into a state of disability during this time.

Design And Methods: We followed a sample of 149 Swedish adults who were 86 years of age or older over a period of 4 years; we grouped them by ability in activities of daily living as being functional survivors (nondisabled over time), increasingly disabled (initially nondisabled but later disabled), chronically disabled (disabled at all waves), or deceased. We used variables from baseline to predict group membership into these four longitudinal outcome groups.