Publications by authors named "Elizabeth Beale"
Over 80% of chronic disease is caused by lifestyle practices, including an unhealthy diet. Despite this, most medical students in the United States graduate having received minimal nutrition education, guidance towards improving their nutrition, or skills needed to coach patients to adopt a healthier diet. This study aimed to educate fourth-year medical students in evidence-based knowledge regarding a delicious, whole-food plant-based diet while introducing practical culinary skills and patient coaching skills.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Therapy for obesity and related comorbidities should be clinically effective, widely available and acceptable, and used in conjunction with an optimized lifestyle. Dieting is widely available and acceptable but has poorly sustained clinical efficacy. By contrast, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GB) is highly effective but cost and safety concerns limit widespread use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) results from progressive loss of β-cell function. The BetaFat study compared gastric banding and metformin for their impact on β-cell function in adults with moderate obesity and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or recently diagnosed, mild T2D.
Research Design And Methods: Eighty-eight people aged 21-65 years, BMI 30-40 kg/m, with IGT or diabetes known for <1 year, were randomized to gastric banding or metformin for 2 years.
Background: Lifestyle interventions have been shown to improve physical function over the short term; however, whether these benefits are sustainable is unknown. The long-term effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) on physical function were assessed using a randomized post-test design in the Look AHEAD trial.
Methods: Overweight and obese (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) middle-aged and older adults (aged 45-76 years at enrollment) with type 2 diabetes enrolled in Look AHEAD, a trial evaluating an ILI designed to achieve weight loss through caloric restriction and increased physical activity compared to diabetes support and education (DSE), underwent standardized assessments of performance-based physical function including a 4- and 400-m walk, lower extremity physical performance (expanded Short Physical Performance Battery, SPPBexp), and grip strength approximately 11 years postrandomization and 1.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines the occurrence and impact of new endocrine and exocrine dysfunctions following pancreatic resections in trauma patients.
- Of the 331 pancreatic injuries identified, 109 required surgical resection, with 80 cases analyzed showing that the majority underwent distal pancreatectomy, and very few experienced post-operative endocrine dysfunction.
- Results indicated that while 52% of patients who had distal resections required insulin temporarily, exocrine dysfunction, such as the need for pancreatic enzyme supplementation, was uncommon among survivors at discharge.
Background: Recent literature suggests that obesity is protective in critically illness. This study addresses the effect of BMI on outcomes after emergency abdominal surgery (EAS).
Methods: Retrospective, ACS-NSQIP analysis.
Introduction: Automated text messaging can deliver self-management education to activate self-care behaviors among people with diabetes. We demonstrated how a discrete-choice experiment was used to determine the features of a text-messaging intervention that are important to urban, low-income Latino patients with diabetes and that could support improvement in their physical activity behavior.
Methods: In a discrete-choice experiment from December 2014 through August 2015 we conducted a survey to elicit information on patient preferences for 5 features of a text-messaging intervention.
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known risk factor for worse outcomes after emergency abdominal surgery (EAS). However, it is unclear if the type of diabetes treatment (insulin or oral agents) has any effect on outcomes after EAS.
Methods: Matched cohort study utilizing the ACS NSQIP database.
Introduction: The impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on outcomes in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy for adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) remains unknown.
Methods: Low-risk (ASA class of I and II) patients requiring emergency operation for ASBO were identified using the ACS NSQIP database. Propensity score matching was used to match patients with DM to those without DM in a ratio of 1:3.
Background: The effect of diabetes and the role of laparoscopic surgery on outcomes following appendectomy for acute appendicitis are not known.
Methods: National Surgical Quality Improvement Program study, including patients with acute appendicitis and no significant comorbidities (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I or II) who underwent appendectomy. Diabetic patients were matched (1:3) with nondiabetic patients.
Aims/hypothesis: MTNR1B is a type 2 diabetes susceptibility locus associated with cross-sectional measures of insulin secretion. We hypothesised that variation in MTNR1B contributes to the absolute level of a diabetes-related trait, temporal rate of change in that trait, or both.
Methods: We tested rs10830963 for association with cross-sectional diabetes-related traits in up to 1,383 individuals or with rate of change in the same phenotypes over a 3-5 year follow-up in up to 374 individuals from the family-based BetaGene study of Mexican Americans.
Background: The epidemic increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) worldwide represents a potential source of surgical morbidity. The impact of DM on the need for surgical management and its effect on surgical outcomes for colonic diverticulitis have not been well defined.
Methods: We investigated all DM versus non-DM patients admitted with a diagnosis of acute diverticulitis between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2011, to a large urban safety net hospital.
Background: The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes and its effect on surgical outcomes in patients undergoing emergent, in-patient cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Some 8.3 % of the U.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To examine in obese young adults the influence of ethnicity and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) inflammation on hepatic fat fraction (HFF), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) deposition, insulin sensitivity (SI), β-cell function, and SAT gene expression.
Research Design And Methods: SAT biopsies were obtained from 36 obese young adults (20 Hispanics, 16 African Americans) to measure crown-like structures (CLS), reflecting SAT inflammation. SAT, VAT, and HFF were measured by magnetic resonance imaging, and SI and β-cell function (disposition index [DI]) were measured by intravenous glucose tolerance test.
Context: Effects of thyroid hormone therapy on postoperative morbidity and mortality in adults remain controversial.
Objective: The aim was to conduct a systematic review evaluating effects and risks of postoperative T(3) therapy in adults.
Data Sources: Electronic databases and reference lists through March 2010 were searched.
Thyroid hormone therapy for obesity and nonthyroidal illnesses: a systematic review.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
October 2009
Context: Thyroid hormone therapy to enhance weight loss in obesity during caloric deprivation and to improve morbidity and mortality in adults with nonthyroidal illnesses remains controversial.
Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review evaluating effectiveness and risks of T(3) and/or T(4) therapy in these populations.
Data Sources: Electronic databases and reference lists were searched.
Background: The incidence and risk factors for acute diabetes insipidus after severe head injury and the effect of this complication on outcomes have not been evaluated in any large prospective studies.
Study Design: We conducted a prospective study of all patients admitted to the surgical ICU of a Level I trauma center with severe head injury (head Abbreviated Injury Score [AIS] >or= 3). The following potential risk factors with p < 0.
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of beta-blockers on patients sustaining acute traumatic brain injury. Our hypothesis was that beta-blocker exposure is associated with improved survival.
Study Design: The trauma registry and the surgical ICU databases of an academic Level I trauma center were used to identify all patients sustaining blunt head injury requiring ICU admission from July 1998 to December 2005.
Background: Robotic-assisted minimally invasive urologic surgery was developed to minimise surgical trauma resulting in quicker recovery. It has many potential benefits for patients with localised prostate cancer over traditional surgical techniques without taking a risk with the oncological result.
Objectives: To report the specific surgical outcomes for the first Australian cohort of patients with localised prostate cancer that had undergone robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) surgery.
Background: Despite evolving evidence that transfusion risks outweigh benefits in some patients, the critically injured continue to receive large quantities of blood. The present study evaluated patterns of red blood cell transfusions and risk factors for transfusions at various stages of admission in trauma patients.
Study Design: Prospective, observational study of transfusion practices in patients (n = 120) admitted to a single Level 1 academic trauma centre.
Background: Mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) rises with age, a high basal serum cortisol and a small response to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) stimulation. Even slight impairment of the adrenal response during severe illness can be lethal.
Objectives: To determine if age is associated with changes in basal or stimulated serum cortisol in critically ill patients.