Impact of barriers and motivators on intention and confidence to undergo hereditary cancer genetic testing.

Genetic testing for hereditary cancer syndromes can provide lifesaving information allowing for individualized cancer screening, prevention, and treatment. However, the determinants, both barriers and motivators, of genetic testing intention are not well described. A survey of barriers and motivators to genetic testing was emailed to adult patients eligible for genetic testing based on cancer diagnosis who previously have not had genetic testing (n = 201).

Novel Psychosocial Correlates of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: Effective COVID-19 vaccines have been available since early 2021 yet many Americans refuse or delayed uptake. As of mid-2022, still around 30% of US adults remain unvaccinated against COVID-19. The majority (81%) of these unvaccinated adults say they will "definitely not" be getting the COVID-19 vaccine.

Psychosocial factors impacting barriers and motivators to cancer genetic testing.

Background: Only a small proportion of patients who qualify for clinical genetic testing for cancer susceptibility get testing. Many patient-level barriers contribute to low uptake. In this study, we examined self-reported patient barriers and motivators for cancer genetic testing.

The Michigan Genetic Hereditary Testing (MiGHT) study's innovative approaches to promote uptake of clinical genetic testing among cancer patients: a study protocol for a 3-arm randomized controlled trial.

Background: Although most cancers are sporadic, germline genetic variants are implicated in 5-10% of cancer cases. Clinical genetic testing identifies pathogenic germline genetic variants for hereditary cancers. The Michigan Genetic Hereditary Testing (MiGHT) study is a three-arm randomized clinical trial that aims to test the efficacy of two patient-level behavioral interventions on uptake of cancer genetic testing.

Examination of the impact of the program on equitable access to care within the screen-evaluate-treat chain in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder.

Delays in autism spectrum disorder identification and access to care could impact developmental outcomes. Although trends are encouraging, children from historically underrepresented minority backgrounds are often identified at later ages and have reduced engagement in services. It is unclear if disparities exist all along the screen-evaluation-treatment chain, or if early detection programs such as that standardize, these steps are effective at ameliorating disparities.

Implementing the Get SET Early Model in a Community Setting to Lower the Age of ASD Diagnosis.

Objective: The objective of this study was to implement a validated, university-based early detection program, the Get SET Early model, in a community-based setting. Get SET was developed to improve Screening, Evaluation, and Treatment referral practices. Specifically, its purpose was to lower the age of diagnosis and enable toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to begin treatment by 36 months.

Fear of Deportation and Associations with Mental Health Among Michigan Residents of Middle Eastern & North African Descent.

Anti-immigrant rhetoric and immigration policy enforcement in the United States over the last 2 decades has increased attention to fear of deportation as a determinant of poor health. We describe its association with mental health outcomes among Middle East and North African (MENA) residents of Michigan. Using a convenience sample of MENA residents in Michigan (n = 397), we conducted bivariate and multiple variable regression to describe the prevalence of deportation worry and examine the relationship between deportation worry and depressive symptoms (PHQ-4 scores).

Online Search Behavior Related to COVID-19 Vaccines: Infodemiology Study.

Background: Vaccination against COVID-19 is an important public health strategy to address the ongoing pandemic. Examination of online search behavior related to COVID-19 vaccines can provide insights into the public's awareness, concerns, and interest regarding COVID-19 vaccination.

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe online search behavior related to COVID-19 vaccines during the start of public vaccination efforts in the United States.

Pre-treatment clinical and gene expression patterns predict developmental change in early intervention in autism.

Early detection and intervention are believed to be key to facilitating better outcomes in children with autism, yet the impact of age at treatment start on the outcome is poorly understood. While clinical traits such as language ability have been shown to predict treatment outcome, whether or not and how information at the genomic level can predict treatment outcome is unknown. Leveraging a cohort of toddlers with autism who all received the same standardized intervention at a very young age and provided a blood sample, here we find that very early treatment engagement (i.

The Association of Unfairness with Mental and Physical Health in a Multiethnic Sample of Adults: Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Two psychosocial constructs that have shown consistent associations with negative health outcomes are discrimination and perceived unfairness.

Objective: The current analyses report the effects of discrimination and unfairness on medical, psychological, and behavioral outcomes from a recent cross-sectional survey conducted in a multiethnic sample of adults in Michigan.

Methods: A cross-section survey was collected using multiple approaches: community settings, telephone-listed sample, and online panel.

Get SET Early to Identify and Treatment Refer Autism Spectrum Disorder at 1 Year and Discover Factors That Influence Early Diagnosis.

Objectives: To examine the impact of a new approach, Get SET Early, on the rates of early autism spectrum disorder (ASD) detection and factors that influence the screen-evaluate-treat chain.

Study Design: After attending Get SET Early training, 203 pediatricians administered 57 603 total screens using the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Infant-Toddler Checklist at 12-, 18-, and 24-month well-baby examinations, and parents designated presence or absence of concern. For screen-positive toddlers, pediatricians specified if the child was being referred for evaluation, and if not, why not.

Novel Predictors of COVID-19 Protective Behaviors Among US Adults: Cross-sectional Survey.

Background: A central component of the public health strategy to control the COVID-19 pandemic involves encouraging mask wearing and social distancing to protect individuals from acquiring and transmitting the virus.

Objective: This study aims to understand the psychological factors that drive adoption or rejection of these protective behaviors, which can inform public health interventions to control the pandemic.

Methods: We conducted an online survey of a representative sample of 1074 US adults and assessed three novel potential predictors of COVID-19 behaviors: trait reactance, COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, and COVID-19 apocalypse beliefs.

A Snapshot of Social Risk Factors and Associations with Health Outcomes in a Community Sample of Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) People in the U.S.

Social factors (e.g. housing, food security, etc.

Relationship Between Coronavirus-Related eHealth Literacy and COVID-19 Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among US Adults: Web-Based Survey Study.

Background: During a global pandemic, it is critical that the public is able to rapidly acquire new and accurate health information. The internet is a major source of health information. eHealth literacy is the ability of individuals to find, assess, and use health information available on the internet.

Development of a coronavirus social distance attitudes scale.

Objective: Our goal was to develop a scale to assess social distance attitudes related to COVID-19.

Methods: We performed an online national survey of US adults (n = 1,074) to assess social distance attitudes, COVID-19 related beliefs and behaviors, and demographics. We assessed scale structure using confirmatory factor analysis and evaluated internal consistency and validity.

Development of an Ethnic Identity Measure for Americans of Middle Eastern and North African Descent: Initial Psychometric Properties, Sociodemographic, and Health Correlates.

Background: Southeast Michigan is home to the second largest Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) US population. There is increasing interest in understanding correlates of psychosocial outcomes and health behaviors in this growing population. One potentially important health correlate is ethnic identity (EI).

Identifying prognostic markers in autism spectrum disorder using eye tracking.

While many children with autism spectrum disorder are now detected at young ages given the rise in screening and general awareness, little is known regarding the prognosis of early detected children. The brain is shaped by experience-dependent mechanisms; thus, what a child pays attention to plays a pivotal role in shaping brain development. Eye tracking can provide an index of a child's visual attention and, as such, holds promise as a technology for revealing prognostic markers.

Discovery of velpatasvir (GS-5816): A potent pan-genotypic HCV NS5A inhibitor in the single-tablet regimens Vosevi and Epclusa.

Direct-acting antiviral inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients. Herein is described the discovery of velpatasvir (VEL, GS-5816), a potent pan-genotypic HCV NS5A inhibitor that is a component of the only approved pan-genotypic single-tablet regimens (STRs) for the cure of HCV infection. VEL combined with sofosbuvir (SOF) is Epclusa, an STR with 98% cure-rates for genotype 1-6 HCV infected patients.

Adrenal insufficiency of patients with graft versus host disease treated with extracorporeal photopheresis.

Graft versus host disease (GvHD) is a serious and common complication of allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplant. Corticosteroids are considered the standard care for initial treatment of GvHD but a significant proportion of patients will need long-term steroid treatment for control of GvHD. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is a cell-based immunomodulatory therapy that is an accepted second line treatment in patients with steroid refractory, dependent or intolerant GvHD and has shown efficacy in allowing steroid dose reduction and discontinuation in this cohort of patients.

Evaluation of the Diagnostic Stability of the Early Autism Spectrum Disorder Phenotype in the General Population Starting at 12 Months.

Importance: Universal early screening for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in primary care is becoming increasingly common and is believed to be a pivotal step toward early treatment. However, the diagnostic stability of ASD in large cohorts from the general population, particularly in those younger than 18 months, is unknown. Changes in the phenotypic expression of ASD across early development compared with toddlers with other delays are also unknown.

Establishing a Research Agenda on Mobile Health Technologies and Later-Life Pain Using an Evidence-Based Consensus Workshop Approach.

The rapid growth of mobile health (mHealth) devices holds substantial potential for improving care and care outcomes in all patient populations, including older adults with pain. However, existing research reflects a substantial gap in knowledge about how to design, evaluate, and disseminate devices to optimally address the many challenges associated with managing pain in older persons. Given these knowledge gaps, we sought to develop a set of practice-based research priorities to facilitate innovation in this field.

Naturalistic language sampling to characterize the language abilities of 3-year-olds with autism spectrum disorder.

Characterization of language in naturalistic settings in autism spectrum disorder has been lacking, particularly at young ages, but such information is important for parents, teachers, and clinicians to better support language development in real-world settings. Factors contributing to this lack of clarity include conflicting definitions of language abilities, use of non-naturalistic standardized assessments, and restricted samples. The current study examined one of the largest datasets of naturalistic language samples in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder, and language delay and typically developing contrast groups at age 3.

Implementing systems-based innovations to improve access to early screening, diagnosis, and treatment services for children with autism spectrum disorder: An Autism Spectrum Disorder Pediatric, Early Detection, Engagement, and Services network study.

In 2013, the National Institute of Mental Health funded five trials of unique, multicomponent, systems-based innovations designed to improve access to early screening, diagnosis, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder-collectively known as the Autism Spectrum Disorder Pediatric, Early Detection, Engagement, and Services Network. As part of an ongoing effort to pool data and learn from shared experience, we collected information across all studies about innovation components and implementation strategies. First, each study group completed standardized checklists based on the Template for Intervention Description and Replication and the Expert Recommendation for Implementing Change.

Rethinking the idea of late autism spectrum disorder onset.

A common theory of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptom onset includes toddlers who do not display symptoms until well after age 2, which are termed late-onset ASD cases. Objectives were to analyze differences in clinical phenotype between toddlers identified as ASD at initial evaluations (early diagnosed) versus those initially considered nonspectrum, then later identified as ASD (late diagnosed). Two hundred seventy-three toddlers recruited from the general population based on a failed developmental screening form or parent or physician concerns were followed longitudinally from 12 months and identified as early- and late-diagnosed cases of ASD, language delayed, or typically developing.