A comparison of methods to measure daily cigarillo consumption among adolescents and young adults.

Objective: Cigarillo use is widespread among young people. Accurate assessment of cigarillo consumption is necessary to inform and evaluate tobacco research, but is complicated by product sharing and irregular use. This study compares a conventional approach with a detailed approach for measuring cigarillo consumption.

Electronic medical record documentation of tobacco cessation support at eight community safety-net clinics with a high prevalence of tobacco use.

Objectives: The high prevalence of tobacco use at primary care safety-net clinics represents an opportunity to offer assistance with cessation. Documentation of smoking status, offering advice and medications, and referral to cessation services are important steps in supporting cessation attempts and are required elements by payors and accrediting agencies to demonstrate care quality. This study examines tobacco cessation support rates and patient characteristics using electronic medical record (EMR) data.

Cigarettes, Little Cigars, and Cigarillos: Initiation, Motivation, and Decision-Making.

Introduction: Cigarettes and little cigars and cigarillos (LCCs) are the most prevalent dual-use tobacco combination; one-third of cigarette smokers use LCCs. Risk factors for multiple tobacco product use have been reported; however, there is little understanding of why some individuals transition to and maintain multiple product use. In this study, we examine narratives of tobacco product initiation and decision-making among LCC-only and LCC-cigarette smokers.

Perspective of older African-American and Non-Hispanic white breast cancer survivors from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds toward physical activity: A qualitative study.

Background: We sought to explore the perspective of older breast cancer survivors (BCS) from diverse racial and socioeconomic backgrounds toward physical activity (PA) to inform the design of a PA program that fosters acceptability.

Methods: Participants included sixty women, ≥65years, within two years of treatment completion for stage I-III breast cancer. We purposely sampled ≥ten patients in each race [African-American (AA) and Non-Hispanic White (NHW)] and socioeconomic status (SES) [SES disadvantaged and SES non-disadvantaged] group.

The Social Context of Adolescent Co-Use of Cigarillos and Marijuana Blunts.

Background: The use of cigarillos for smoking as a tobacco product and for making marijuana blunts is increasing among adolescents. Previous research has documented the co-use of these products, however little is known about the contextual features that generate and sustain this practice.

Objective: This study aims for a deeper understanding of why and how co-use of cigarillos and marijuana blunts occurs.

The Role of Oncology Nurses in Discussing Clinical Trials.

Purpose/objectives: To describe oncology nurses' experiences discussing clinical trials with their patients, and to assess barriers to these discussions.
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Research Approach: A qualitative study designed to elicit narratives from oncology nurses.

Understanding Nicotine Dependence and Addiction Among Young Adults Who Smoke Cigarillos: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction: Cigarillo use is increasing, particularly among young adults. Nicotine dependence (ND) is important for understanding smoking behavior and cessation, but the development of measures of ND has focused almost exclusively on cigarette smokers. We examined smoking patterns, preferences, and beliefs of cigarillo users to better understand their experience of addiction and expression of ND symptoms.

Primary Care Resident Training for Obesity, Nutrition, and Physical Activity Counseling: A Mixed-Methods Study.

National guidelines have been established to support the role of primary care physicians in addressing obesity. Preparing primary care residents to recognize and treat overweight/obesity has been identified as an essential component of postgraduate medical training that is currently lacking. This study aims to identify how primary care residency programs are preparing physicians to counsel about obesity, nutrition, and physical activity (ONPA) and to examine program members' perspectives regarding the place of ONPA counseling in the curriculum, and its relevance in primary care training.

Primary Care Residents' Knowledge, Attitudes, Self-Efficacy, and Perceived Professional Norms Regarding Obesity, Nutrition, and Physical Activity Counseling.

Background: Obesity and being overweight are both significant risk factors for multiple chronic conditions. Primary care physicians are in a position to provide health behavior counseling to the majority of US adults, yet most report insufficient training to deliver effective counseling for obesity.

Objective: To assess the degree to which residents training in adult primary care programs are prepared to provide obesity, nutrition, and physical activity (ONPA) counseling.

A randomized trial to evaluate primary care clinician training to use the Teachable Moment Communication Process for smoking cessation counseling.

Objective: To implement and evaluate the impact of a Teachable Moment Communication Process (TMCP) training intervention on clinicians' smoking cessation counseling behaviors in practice.

Method: Using a group randomized trial, 31 community-based, primary care clinicians in Northeast Ohio received either TMCP training or an attention control (2010-2012). TMCP training consisted of two, three-hour sessions involving didactic instruction, skill practice with standardized patients, and coaching.

Teachable moments for health behavior change and intermediate patient outcomes.

Objective: Teachable moments (TM) are opportunities created through physician-patient interaction and used to encourage patients to change unhealthy behaviors. We examine the effectiveness of TMs to increase patients' recall of advice, motivation to modify behavior, and behavior change.

Methods: A mixed-method observational study of 811 patient visits to 28 primary care clinicians used audio-recordings of visits to identify TMs and other types of advice in health behavior change talk.

A Teachable Moment Communication Process for smoking cessation talk: description of a group randomized clinician-focused intervention.

Background: Effective clinician-patient communication about health behavior change is one of the most important and most overlooked strategies to promote health and prevent disease. Existing guidelines for specific health behavior counseling have been created and promulgated, but not successfully adopted in primary care practice. Building on work focused on creating effective clinician strategies for prompting health behavior change in the primary care setting, we developed an intervention intended to enhance clinician communication skills to create and act on teachable moments for smoking cessation.

Evaluation of physical activity counseling in primary care using direct observation of the 5As.

Background: The 5As (ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange) are recommended as a strategy for brief physical activity counseling in primary care. There is no reference standard for measurement, however, and patient participation is not well understood. This study's objectives were to (1) develop a coding scheme to measure the 5As using audio-recordings of primary care visits and (2) describe the degree to which patients and physicians accomplish the 5As.