Predictors of Progressing Toward Lifestyle Change Among Participants of an Interprofessional Lifestyle Medicine Program.

Background: Therapeutic lifestyle change can be challenging, and not every attempt is successful.

Purpose: To identify predictors of making progress toward lifestyle change among patients who participate in a lifestyle medicine program.

Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study of 205 adults who enrolled in a goal-directed, individualized, interprofessional lifestyle medicine program.

Predictors of Patient Engagement With an Interprofessional Lifestyle Medicine Program.

Background: Changes in lifestyle habits can reduce morbidity and mortality, but not everyone who can benefit from lifestyle intervention is ready to do so.

Purpose: To describe characteristics of patients who did and did not engage with a lifestyle medicine program, and to identify predictors of engagement.

Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study of 276 adult patients who presented for consultation to a goal-directed, individualized, interprofessional lifestyle medicine program.

Physical activity-related individual differences in functional human connectome are linked to fluid intelligence in older adults.

The study examined resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MV-PA), sedentary time (ST), TV viewing, computer use, and their relationship to cognitive performance in older adults. We used pre-intervention data from 119 participants from the Fit & Active Seniors trial. Multivariate pattern analysis revealed two seeds associated with MV-PA: right superior frontal gyrus (SFG; spanning frontoparietal [FPN] and ventral attention networks [VAN]) and right precentral (PrG) and postcentral gyri (PoG) of the somatosensory network (SN).

Data-driven MRI analysis reveals fitness-related functional change in default mode network and cognition following an exercise intervention.

Previous research has indicated that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is structurally and functionally neuroprotective in older adults. However, questions remain regarding the mechanistic role of CRF on cognitive and brain health. The purposes of this study were to investigate if higher pre-intervention CRF was associated with greater change in functional brain connectivity during an exercise intervention and to determine if the magnitude of change in connectivity was related to better post-intervention cognitive performance.

Embedding lifestyle interventions into cancer care: has telehealth narrowed the equity gap?

Lifestyle interventions targeting energy balance (ie, diet, exercise) are critical for optimizing the health and well-being of cancer survivors. Despite their benefits, access to these interventions is limited, especially in underserved populations, including older people, minority populations and those living in rural and remote areas. Telehealth has the potential to improve equity and increase access.

Symmetric data-driven fusion of diffusion tensor MRI: Age differences in white matter.

In the past 20 years, white matter (WM) microstructure has been studied predominantly using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Decreases in fractional anisotropy (FA) and increases in mean (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD) have been consistently reported in healthy aging and neurodegenerative diseases. To date, DTI parameters have been studied individually (e.

Prospective associations between accelerometry-derived physical activity and sedentary behaviors and mortality among cancer survivors.

Background: Survival benefits of self-reported recreational physical activity (PA) during cancer survivorship are well-documented in common cancer types, yet there are limited data on the associations between accelerometer-derived PA of all domains, sedentary behavior, and mortality in large, diverse cohorts of cancer survivors.

Methods: Participants included adults who reported a cancer diagnosis in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and wore an accelerometer for up to 7 days in 2003-2006. Participants were followed for subsequent mortality through 2015.

Designing home-based physical activity programs for rural cancer survivors: A survey of technology access and preferences.

Background: While technology advances have increased the popularity of remote interventions in underserved and rural cancer communities, less is understood about technology access and preferences for home-based physical activity programs in this cancer survivor population.

Purpose: To determine access, preferences, and needs, for a home-based physical activity program in rural cancer survivors.

Methods: A Qualtrics Research Panel was recruited to survey adults with cancer across the United States.

Brain Structure and Function Predict Adherence to an Exercise Intervention in Older Adults.

Introduction: Individual differences in brain structure and function in older adults are potential proxies of brain reserve or maintenance and may provide mechanistic predictions of adherence to exercise. We hypothesized that multimodal neuroimaging features would predict adherence to a 6-month randomized controlled trial of exercise in 131 older adults (age, 65.79 ± 4.

Resting state functional connectivity provides mechanistic predictions of future changes in sedentary behavior.

Sedentary behaviors are increasing at the cost of millions of dollars spent in health care and productivity losses due to physical inactivity-related deaths worldwide. Understanding the mechanistic predictors of sedentary behaviors will improve future intervention development and precision medicine approaches. It has been posited that humans have an innate attraction towards effort minimization and that inhibitory control is required to overcome this prepotent disposition.

Physical Activity Patterns and Relationships With Cognitive Function in Patients With Breast Cancer Before, During, and After Chemotherapy in a Prospective, Nationwide Study.

Purpose: Physical activity (PA) is a promising intervention for cancer-related cognitive decline, yet research assessing its use during chemotherapy is limited. This study evaluated patterns of PA before, during, and after chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer and the association between PA and cognitive function.

Methods: In a nationwide, prospective cohort study, we assessed PA (Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study PA measure) and perceived and objectively measured cognitive functioning (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive, Delayed Match to Sample, and Rapid Visual Processing measures) at prechemotherapy (T1), postchemotherapy (T2), and 6 months postchemotherapy (T3) in patients with breast cancer and cancer-free, age-matched controls at equivalent time points.

Effects of a DVD-delivered randomized controlled physical activity intervention on functional health in cancer survivors.

Background: Supervised physical activity interventions improve functional health during cancer survivorship, but remain costly and inaccessible for many. We previously reported on the benefits of a DVD-delivered physical activity program (FlexToBa™) in older adults. This is a secondary analysis of the intervention effects among cancer survivors in the original sample.

Sedentary Behavior in U.S. Adults: Fall 2019.

Purpose: Higher levels of sedentary behavior are associated with early mortality, but the distribution of sedentary time by classes of behavior and demographic groups is poorly described in U.S. adults.

White matter plasticity in healthy older adults: The effects of aerobic exercise.

White matter deterioration is associated with cognitive impairment in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease. It is critical to identify interventions that can slow down white matter deterioration. So far, clinical trials have failed to demonstrate the benefits of aerobic exercise on the adult white matter using diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Ambulatory Function and Mortality among Cancer Survivors in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.

Background: There is limited evidence describing associations between cancer and function in diverse cancer types and its relationship with mortality. We investigated the relationship between cancer and poor ambulatory function and associations between ambulatory function and subsequent mortality.

Methods: Participants included 233,135 adults ( = 30,403 cancer and = 202,732 cancer free) in the NIH-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study (1994-1996) who self-reported ambulatory function (e.

Sensor-measured sedentariness and physical activity are differentially related to fluid and crystallized abilities in aging.

Aerobic exercise and physical activity (PA) are known to benefit cognition in adulthood. However, a typical older adult spends most of the day sedentary or in light PA, behaviors that are typically poorly captured by questionnaires. To better understand the associations between time spent in different intensities of lifestyle PA and cognition, we measured average time spent daily in sedentariness, light, and moderate to vigorous PA using hip-worn sensors (ActiGraph accelerometers).

Increased frequency of intentional weight loss associated with reduced mortality: a prospective cohort analysis.

Background: Due to the high prevalence of obesity and the difficulty in maintaining weight loss, repeated bouts of weight loss are a common occurrence. However, there are inconsistencies in epidemiological studies regarding repetitive weight fluctuations being associated with increased risk of mortality. Therefore, the purpose of this prospective cohort analysis was to determine the long-term association of the frequency of weight loss attempts on mortality.

The effects of exercise on cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients during primary treatment: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

Introduction: Cancer-related fatigue is one of the most prevalent symptoms reported by breast cancer survivors. Despite a corpus of literature dedicated to understanding and identifying evidence-based treatments for cancer-related fatigue, gaps in the literature remain, particularly for breast cancer survivors during their primary treatment. Exercise training may represent an efficacious behavioral modality for mitigating fatigue symptoms in cancer survivors; yet, the effects of exercise during adjuvant therapy is an understudied area.

Occupational Physical Stress Is Negatively Associated With Hippocampal Volume and Memory in Older Adults.

Our jobs can provide intellectually and socially enriched environments but also be the source of major psychological and physical stressors. As the average full-time worker spends >8 h at work per weekday and remains in the workforce for about 40 years, occupational experiences must be important factors in cognitive and brain aging. Therefore, we studied whether occupational complexity and stress are associated with hippocampal volume and cognitive ability in 99 cognitively normal older adults.

Dose-Response Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise Duration on Cognitive Function in Patients With Breast Cancer: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Objective: To examine the differential effects of acute exercise duration on domains of executive function and processing speed in patients with breast cancer.

Methods: Participants ( = 48, = 56.02 ± 10.

Exploration of Confounding Due to Poor Health in an Accelerometer-Mortality Study.

Purpose: Confounding due to poor health is a concern in accelerometer-based studies of physical activity and health, but detailed investigations of this source of bias are lacking.

Methods: US adults (n = 4840) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003 to 2006) wore an accelerometer for 1 to 7 d (mean = 5.7 d) and were followed for mortality through 2015.

Longitudinal Association Between Perceived Fatigability and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: Results from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Background: Cognitive decline is consistently associated with diminished life satisfaction and inability to live independently. Identifying early, novel markers of cognitive decline is imperative for improving clinical detection and promoting long-term quality of life. Fatigability, one's perceived exertion after a standardized walking task, has been associated with declines in physical function; however, it remains unclear as to whether these effects may also extend to cognitive function.

Physical Activity, Sleep and Quality of Life in Older Adults: Influence of Physical, Mental and Social Well-being.

: Physical activity and sleep quality have been consistently associated with quality of life (QOL) in a number of clinical and non-clinical populations. However, mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to longitudinally test a model examining how changes in physical activity and sleep quality, predict physical, mental and social well-being and global QoL across a 6-month exercise trial in a sample of healthy older adults.

Embracing the complexity: Older adults with cancer-related cognitive decline-A Young International Society of Geriatric Oncology position paper.

Cancer-related cognitive decline (CRCD) may have particularly significant consequences for older adults, impacting their functional and physical abilities, level of independence, ability to make decisions, treatment adherence, overall quality of life, and ultimately survival. In honor of Dr. Hurria's work we explore and examine multiple types of screening, assessment and non-pharmacologic treatments for CRCD.