Methylated and ethylated dialkylphosphate metabolites of organophosphate pesticides: DNA damage in bone marrow cells of Balb/c mice.

Dialkylphosphates (DAPs), metabolites of organophosphate (OP) pesticides, are widely distributed in the environment and are often used as biomarkers of OP exposure. Recent reports indicate that DAPs may be genotoxic, both in vitro and in vivo. We have examined the genotoxicity of the methylated DAPs dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP) and dimethylphosphate (DMTP) and the ethylated DAPs diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP) and diethylphosphate (DETP), in comparison with their parental compounds, malathion and terbufos, respectively, in bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) of male and female Balb/c mice.

Processing and Physicochemical Properties of Magnetite Nanoparticles Coated with L. Extract.

In this work, L. extract has been used in the synthesis and direct coating of magnetite (FeO) nanoparticles ~12 nm, providing a surface layer of polyphenol groups (-OH and -COOH). This contributes to the development of nanocarriers and triggers different bio-applications.

Anacardic Acids from Confer Cytoprotection against 5-Fluorouracil and Carboplatin Induced Blood Cell Toxicity While Increasing Antitumoral Activity and Survival in an Animal Model of Breast Cancer.

(cuachalalate) contains anacardic acids (AAs) such as 6-pentadecyl salicylic acid (6SA) that show immunomodulatory and antitumor activity with minimal or no secondary adverse effects. By contrast, most chemotherapeutic agents, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and carboplatin (CbPt), induce myelosuppression and leukopenia. Here, we investigated the myeloprotective and antineoplastic potential of an AA extract or the 6SA as monotherapy or in combination with commonly used chemotherapeutic agents (5-FU and CbPt) to determine the cytoprotective action of 6SA on immune cells.

Genotoxicity of the organophosphate pesticide malathion and its metabolite dimethylthiophosphate in human cells in vitro.

Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are biotransformed into metabolites such as dialkylphosphates (DAPs). We have evaluated the genotoxicity of malathion and its metabolite dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP) in the human hepatic cell lines HepG2 and WRL-68 and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus assay (CBMN), malathion and DMTP increased the frequencies of micronuclei (MN) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB).

Increased heart fibrosis and acute infection in a murine Chagas disease model associated with organophosphorus pesticide metabolite exposure.

Some reports suggest that exposure to organophosphorus (OP) pesticides increases the incidence of infections. Ethylated dialkylphosphates (EtDAPs) are metabolites of OP pesticides widely distributed with immunomodulatory potential. Chagas disease is produced by Trypanosoma cruzi parasites, and resolution of this infection requires the activation of inflammatory macrophages (MΦ), which results in cardiac fibrosis.

The antineoplastic agent anacardic 6-pentadecyl salicylic acid produces immunomodulation in vivo via the activation of MAPKs.

Anacardic 6-pentadecyl salicylic acid (6SA) is the active component of Amphipterygium adstringens, a plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria and vascular diseases and as an anti-bacterial and immune-modulatory agent. However, the effect of 6SA on the immune system remains unclear. In this study, we examined the immune-stimulatory activity of 6SA in 6-8-week-old female BALB/c mice.

The anacardic 6-pentadecyl salicylic acid induces macrophage activation via the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, P38 kinases and NF-κB.

Amphipterygium adstringens is a plant traditionally used to treat gingivitis, gastric ulcer and even gastric cancer but the mechanism involved in the regulation of the immune response is not elucidated yet. The 6-pentadecylsalicylic acid (6SA) is the main anacardic acid found in A. adstringens.

Genotoxic and cytostatic effects of 6-pentadecyl salicylic anacardic acid in transformed cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

In Mexico, as in many other countries, traditional medicine is used for the treatment of several diseases. In particular, Amphipterygium adstringens infusion is used for gastritis, gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer. Extracts from this tree have microbicidal effects against Helicobacter pylori, an important risk factor for gastric cancer development.

Levocetirizine inhibits migration of immune cells to lymph nodes and induces treg cells in a murine type I allergic conjunctivitis model.

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Purpose: Levocetirizine is a histamine H(1) receptor antagonist. Here, we utilised DO11.10TCR transgenic mice to establish an antigen-specific T cell-dependent allergic conjunctivitis (AC) model to determine the effect of the topical application of an ophthalmic formulation of Levoceritizine as a treatment for AC.

Deletion of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor enhances the inflammatory response to Leishmania major infection.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated receptor that mediates the toxicity of environmental pollutants, such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Recently, it has been shown that the AhR plays a role in immune and inflammatory regulation. However, most of these studies are based on the activation of AhR by exogenous ligands.

Susceptibility to the cytogenetic effects of dichloromethane is related to the glutathione S-transferase theta phenotype.

The carcinogenicity of dichloromethane (DCM) has been demonstrated by mutagenicity studies using bacteria and yeasts and using animal bioassays. Epidemiological studies indicate that exposure to DCM increases the incidences of liver and pancreas cancers. In the present study, we determine whether DCM generates DNA damage in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and whether that process depends on glutathione S-transferase theta (GSTT)-1 activity.

Coumarin A/AA induces apoptosis-like cell death in HeLa cells mediated by the release of apoptosis-inducing factor.

It has been demonstrated that naturally occurring coumarins have strong biological activity against many cancer cell lines. In this study, we assessed the cytotoxicity induced by the naturally isolated coumarin A/AA in different cancer cell lines (HeLa, Calo, SW480, and SW620) and in normal peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay.

Cytotoxic effects of mammea type coumarins from Calophyllum brasiliense.

Calophyllum brasiliense (Clusiaceae) is a big tree from the Tropical Rain Forests of the American continent. The organic extracts from the leaves yielded coumarins of the mammea type: mammea A/BA, A/BB, B/BA, B/BB, C/OA, C/OB, B/BA cyclo F, B/BB cyclo F, and isomammeigin. The triterpenoids friedelin and canophyllol, as well as the biflavonoid amentoflavone, protocatechuic and shikimic acids, were also obtained.