Cranial Nerve Anatomy Using a Modular and Multimodal Radiologic Approach.

Introduction: Medical students often struggle with learning cranial nerve anatomy. Typically, cranial nerve anatomy is taught using didactic lectures and textbook illustrations, often leaving students frustrated.

Methods: We developed a multimodal radiologic approach to teaching cranial nerve anatomy.

Association between respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in infancy and childhood asthma.

Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus infection in early childhood has been linked to longer-term respiratory morbidity; however, debate persists around its impact on asthma. The objective was to assess the association between respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization and childhood asthma.

Methods: Asthma hospital admissions and medication use through 18 years were compared in children with (cases) and without (controls) respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in the first 2 years of life.

Clinical burden of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection during the first 2 years of life in children born between 2000 and 2011 in Scotland.

National data from Scotland (all births from 2000 to 2011) were used to estimate the burden associated with respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisation (RSVH) during the first 2 years of life. RSVHs were identified using the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes. Of 623,770 children, 13,362 (2.

A survey of care pathway and health-related quality of life impact for children with central precocious puberty.

To describe the timeline to diagnosis for children with central precocious puberty (CPP) and evaluate their psychosocial and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A cross-sectional survey was used to prospectively collect data from caregivers, recruited the MAGIC Foundation, of children with CPP. The control (non-CPP) group was recruited from a national panel of parents/caregivers.

Treatment patterns, health resource utilization and costs among central precocious puberty patients treated with leuprolide or histrelin: an examination of the commercial and Medicaid populations.

To compare treatment duration, healthcare resource utilization (HRU), and direct healthcare costs between patients with central precocious puberty (CPP) treated with leuprolide or histrelin, and between patients with Medicaid or commercial insurance. This information is important as it affects treatment choice and outcomes. This retrospective cohort study identified commercial and Medicaid-insured CPP patients ≤12-years-old who were diagnosed between 1 January 2010 and 30 September 2014 and had ≥1 prescription for leuprolide or histrelin (first prescription = ).

Health Care Utilization and Economic Burden in Patients with Central Precocious Puberty: An Assessment of the Commercially Insured and Medicaid Populations.

Background: Central precocious puberty (CPP), early onset of puberty caused by the premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, is a rare disease affecting children of both sexes. There is limited evidence that quantifies the economic burden of CPP.

Objective: To characterize the health care resource utilization (HRU) and costs among patients with CPP who were treated with gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, for those insured commercially and with Medicaid.

Risk scoring tool to predict respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisation in premature infants.

Background: The objective was to develop a risk scoring tool which predicts respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisation (RSVH) in moderate-late preterm infants (32-35 weeks' gestational age) in the Northern Hemisphere.

Methods: Risk factors for RSVH were pooled from six observational studies of infants born 32 weeks and 0 days to 35 weeks and 6 days without comorbidity from 2000 to 2014. Of 13 475 infants, 484 had RSVH in the first year of life.

Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations in Canada.

Objective: To examine the socioeconomic burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease for Canadian infants hospitalized for the condition.

Data And Methods: The descriptive study used data collected in Alberta, Canada, during 2 consecutive RSV seasons. Infants (<1 year of age) were included if they had not received palivizumab and were hospitalized with a confirmed diagnosis of RSV.

Palivizumab in the prevention of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with congenital heart disease; a novel cost-utility modeling study reflecting evidence-based clinical pathways in Spain.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection remains one of the major reasons of re-hospitalization among children with congenital heart disease (CHD). This study estimated the cost-effectiveness of palivizumab prophylaxis versus placebo, in Spain, from the societal perspective, using a novel cost-effectiveness model reflecting evidence-based clinical pathways.

Methods: A decision-analytic model, combining a decision tree structure in the first year and a Markov structure in later years, was constructed to evaluate the benefits and costs associated with palivizumab versus no prophylaxis among children with CHD.

Comparison of rates of and charges from pregnancy complications in users of extended and cyclic combined oral contraceptive (COC) regimens: a brief report.

Objective: To evaluate pregnancy complication rates and related charges in users of 84/7, 21/7 and 24/4 combined oral contraceptives (COCs).

Study Design: Data were obtained from the i3 InVision Data Mart™ retrospective claims database. Subjects were aged 15-40 years, first prescribed a COC between 1/1/2006 and 4/1/2011 and continuously insured for ≥1 year.

Comparison of pregnancy rates in users of extended and cyclic combined oral contraceptive (COC) regimens in the United States: a brief report.

Objective: To evaluate pregnancy rates with 84/7, 21/7, and 24/4 combined oral contraceptives (COCs).

Study Design: Data were obtained from the i3Invision Data Mart(TM) retrospective claims database. Subjects were 15 to 40 years; first prescribed COCs between January 1, 2006 and April 1, 2011; and continuously insured for ≥1 year.

Costs of Parkinson's disease in a privately insured population.

Background: This is the first analysis to estimate the costs of commercially insured patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in the USA. Prior analyses of PD have not examined costs in patients aged under 65 years, a majority of whom are in the workforce.

Objective: Our objective was to estimate direct and indirect costs associated with PD in patients under the age of 65 years who are newly diagnosed or have evidence of advanced PD.

Early retirement and income loss in patients with early and advanced Parkinson's disease.

Background: The indirect costs of Parkinson's disease (PD) may be larger than direct healthcare costs, and the largest component of indirect costs is income loss related to early retirement. No recent retrospective analysis details PD-related early retirement and income loss in the US.

Objective: We used an observational, matched cohort to study wages and labour force participation over 4 years and to simulate lifetime income losses conditional on being newly diagnosed with PD (naive) or having evidence of increasing disability.