EVALUATION OF A PARTIALLY REVERSIBLE IMMOBILIZATION PROTOCOL USING MEDETOMIDINE, BUTORPHANOL, ZOLAZEPAM-TILETAMINE, AND KETAMINE IN FREE-RANGING WARTHOGS () IN KRUGER NATIONAL PARK, SOUTH AFRICA.

Twenty-one free-ranging warthogs () in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, were immobilized with a combination of medetomidine (0.07 ± 0.01 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.

CLINICAL CONDITIONS FOUND RADIOGRAPHICALLY IN THE FRONT FEET OF RETICULATED GIRAFFE () IN A SINGLE ZOO.

Front foot radiographs from 22 giraffe () at one zoo were analyzed to better understand causes of lameness in this giraffe population. The herd had a history of front hoof overgrowth and intermittent lameness. Radiographic findings included distal interphalangeal joint osteoarthritis (OA), distal phalangeal bone (P3) osteitis, P3 fractures, P3 rotation, and sesamoid bone cysts.

IN FREE-RANGING LIONS () - EVALUATION OF SEROLOGICAL AND TUBERCULIN SKIN TESTS FOR DETECTION OF INFECTION AND DISEASE.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by infection, causes morbidity and mortality in free-ranging lions in bTB-endemic areas of South Africa. However, the only currently used diagnostic test is the tuberculin skin test (TST). This test is logistically challenging to perform because it requires immobilization of lions twice in a 72-hr period.

Postinduction butorphanol administration alters oxygen consumption to improve blood gases in etorphine-immobilized white rhinoceros.

Objective: To investigate the effects of postinduction butorphanol administration in etorphine-immobilized white rhinoceros on respiration and blood gases.

Study Design: Randomized crossover study.

Animals: A group of six sub-adult male white rhinoceros.