The frequency and risk factors for surgery dissatisfaction in patients undergoing lumbar or cervical surgery for degenerative spinal conditions.

This study evaluated the frequency and risk factors for surgery dissatisfaction in patients undergoing lumbar or cervical surgery for degenerative spinal conditions. Based on the Patient Satisfaction Index (PSI) at 6 months after surgery, we divided patients into two groups: a satisfied and a dissatisfied group. We evaluated the association between patient dissatisfaction and five categories of variables:1) sociodemographic; 2) preoperative pain and disability [pain duration, level of surgery, previous spinal surgeries, pain scores as measured by the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), numerical rating of average pain (NRS), disability as measured by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)]; 3) preoperative psychological status [depression, anxiety, and overall distress as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), life satisfaction as measured by the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), and surgery expectations (SE) as measured by a Likert scale]; 4) postoperative improvements in pain and disability [improvements in SF-MPQ, improvement in ODI] and 5) postoperative psychological status [HADS, SWLS].

Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) and obsessive-compulsive-related disorders (OCRD).

The purpose of this article is to present an overview of current knowledge on the treatment of obsessive-compulsive and obsessive-compulsive-related disorders (OCRD - according to DSM-5). The article presents commonly used pharmacological treatments and psychotherapy, as well as surgical and other forms of treatment. According to the analyses that have been made, the variety of responses to the pharmacological treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) depending on the kinds of symptoms is not relevant enough to justify these other forms of treatment.

Differential dose-dependent effects of central morphine treatment upon food intake in male and female rats receiving neonatal hormone manipulations.

Male rats display significantly greater analgesic responses following morphine than female rats, with neonatal gonadal manipulations reversing the sex-dependent pattern. The present study assessed whether dose-dependent (0.0005-5 microg, icv) effects of morphine-induced feeding were sensitive to sex-dependent and neonatal gonadectomy manipulations.

Reversal of sex differences in morphine analgesia elicited from the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray in rats by neonatal hormone manipulations.

Male rats display significantly greater analgesic responses than female rats following systemic, ventricular and intracerebral morphine administration into either the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) or the rostral ventromedial medulla, and following beta-endorphin administration into the vlPAG. Although adult gonadectomy severely reduces nonopioid forms of swim stress-induced analgesia, the marked sex differences in morphine analgesia were minimally affected by either male or female adult gonadectomy. Since very little is known about neonatal effects of gonadal hormones upon sex differences in morphine analgesia elicited from the vlPAG, the present study evaluated the effects of neonatal (within 1 day of birth) castration in male rat pups relative to sham-operated controls, and systemic androgenization with testosterone propionate in female rat pups relative to vehicle-injected controls upon baseline nociceptive thresholds and morphine analgesia elicited from the vlPAG in rats tested as adults.