Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of clinical isolates Salmonella serovar Typhimurium in western Kenya.

Background: Salmonella spp. are recognized as some of the most common causes of enteritis worldwide. This study aimed to identify clinically isolated S.

Isolation of Salmonella and Shigella from fish harvested from the Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria, Kenya.

Background: Human infections caused by pathogens transmitted from fish are quite common. The aim of this study was to isolate enteric pathogenic bacteria from fish that might be transmitted to humans after the handling or consumption of such fish.

Methodology: One hundred and twenty Nile tilapia fish harvested using various fishing methods were collected from fishermen in five fish landing beaches within Winam Gulf and disinfected externally using 70% ethyl alcohol for 2 minutes then washed three times with autoclaved distilled water.

Increased severe anemia in HIV-1-exposed and HIV-1-positive infants and children during acute malaria.

Objective: Since the primary hematological complication in both pediatric HIV-1 and malaria is anemia, co-infection with these pathogens may promote life-threatening severe malarial anemia (SMA). The primary objective of the study was to determine if HIV-1 exposure [HIV-1(exp)] and/or HIV-1 infection [HIV-1(+)] increased the prevalence of SMA in children with acute malaria.

Design: The effect of HIV-1 exposure and HIV-1 infection on the prevalence of SMA (hemoglobin < 6.