Terminology for discussing chronic pain: Using metaphors to educate families on chronic pediatric pain.

To educate families about chronic pain requires a holistic discussion on the nature of pain, multidisciplinary treatment, and empowering families with tools to support their child's recovery.

The Challenges of Identifying Fibromyalgia in Adolescents.

Aim: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a noninflammatory disorder of the nervous system characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and somatic complaints of at least 3 months duration. There are no current diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia in children to guide clinicians in recognition, thus leading to many subspecialty referrals and extensive imaging and tests. The purpose of this retrospective review is to compare two diagnostic criteria for juvenile fibromyalgia.

Pediatric Intracranial Hypotension and Post-Dural Puncture Headache.

Pediatric intracranial hypotension can occur acutely following iatrogenic dural puncture for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, or chronically from cerebrospinal fluid leak. The incidence of intracranial hypotension in children is not fully known. However, many steps can be taken to reduce the risk of a child developing a post-dural puncture headache.

Acute care utilization in pediatric sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait in the USA: prevalence, temporal trends, and cost.

The objective of this study was to analyze acute care utilization of sickle cell disease (SCD) and sickle cell trait (SCT) in children and identify trends in emergency department (ED) visits and inpatient admissions over a 10-year period. This is a retrospective population-based study of SCD- and SCT-related ED visits and admissions from 2006 to 2015. Data were acquired from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), National Inpatient Sample (NIS), and National Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) database.

Novel Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of NOP Receptor Agonist 8-[(1S,3aS)-2,3,3a,4,5,6-Hexahydro-1H-phenalen-1-yl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one (Ro 64-6198).

The nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide (NOP) receptor is a widely expressed GPCR involved in the modulation of pain, anxiety, and motor behaviors. Dissecting the functional properties of this receptor is limited by the lack of systemically active ligands that are brain permeant. The small molecule NOP receptor-selective, full agonist 8-[(1S,3aS)-2,3,3a,4,5,6-hexahydro-1H-phenalen-1-yl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.