Deciphering the sex gap in global life expectancy: the impact of female-specific cancers 1990-2019.

Background: Females live longer than males, which results in a sex gap in life expectancy. This study examines the contribution of female cancers to this differential by world region and country over the period 1990-2019 with special focus to the 15-69 years age group.

Methods: Cause-specific mortality data for 30 cancers, including 4 female-specific cancers from 238 countries and territories, were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Decomposition of life expectancy differentials with (and without) conditions by educational attainment for major groups of causes in contemporary Spain: where is the advantage?

Introduction: Healthy life expectancy is higher among individuals with higher socioeconomic standing. However, it is unclear whether such advantage is attributable to longer (i.e.

Shifts in Chronic Disease Patterns Among Spanish Older Adults With Multimorbidity Between 2006 and 2017.

To investigate changes in multimorbidity patterns among Spanish older adults. Data come from the Spanish National Health Survey (ENSE) for individuals aged 60-89 years (2006: = 9,758; 2017: = 8,535). Prevalence rates and relative risks of 20 chronic conditions are estimated for the multimorbidity (3+ chronic conditions) sample, along with observed-to-expected prevalence of three-way disease combinations.

Corrigendum: Gender Gap in Unhealthy Life Expectancy: The Role of Education Among Adults Aged 45.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.

Gender Gap in Unhealthy Life Expectancy: The Role of Education Among Adults Aged 45.

This paper examines the gender gap in unhealthy life expectancy across education levels and age in Spain to understand the extent to which the gender paradox exists over education and across ages. Death registrations and vital status were taken from the Spanish Statistical Office, while the three health measures (chronic conditions, bad-self rated health and cognitive impairment) from the 2019 European Health Interview Survey. We used Sullivan's method to compute unhealthy life expectancy by education level.

Macro-level factors explaining inequalities in expected years lived free of and with chronic conditions across Spanish regions and over time (2006-2019).

Life expectancy has long been associated with macro-level factors, including health expenditures, but little research has focused on the relationship with morbidity measures. This paper examines the relationship between the expected years lived free of and with chronic conditions (YLFCC and YLCC) at age 50 and macroeconomic and social factors including, for the first time, several indicators of public health expenditure. We calculate YLFCC and YLCC for Spanish regions using the Sullivan method over a long period of time (2006-2019).

Expected years lived with intimate partner violence: a new approach for public health.

Background: Intimate Partner Violence against women (IPV) is a major public health problem. However, mainstream indicators used in public health are not designed to fully capture the pervasive and enduring impact of IPV.

Objective: We propose a new indicator that considers the burden of IPV in women during their middle life years, estimating the number of years that women are expected to live under IPV, and provide estimates for 151 countries.

Correction: Trends in disease-free life expectancy at age 65 in Spain: Diverging patterns by sex, region and disease.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Trends in disease-free life expectancy at age 65 in Spain: Diverging patterns by sex, region and disease.

Life expectancy in Spain is among the highest in the world. Nevertheless, we do not know if improvements in health conditions at older ages have followed postponements of death. Previous studies in Spain show a stable trend in years lived in ill health in the past.

Longevity and Lifespan Variation by Educational Attainment in Spain: 1960-2015.

For a long time, studies of socioeconomic gradients in health have limited their attention to between-group comparisons. Yet, ignoring the differences that might exist within groups and focusing on group-specific life expectancy levels and trends alone, one might arrive at overly simplistic conclusions. Using data from the Spanish Encuesta Sociodemográfica and recently released mortality files by the Spanish Statistical Office (INE), this is the first study to simultaneously document (1) the gradient in life expectancy by educational attainment groups, and (2) the inequality in age-at-death distributions within and across those groups for the period between 1960 and 2015 in Spain.

Inequalities in cancer incidence and mortality across medium to highly developed countries in the twenty-first century.

Purpose: Inequalities in the burden of cancer have been well documented, and a variety of measures exist to analyse disease disparities. While previous studies have focused on inequalities within countries, the aim of the present study was to quantify existing inequalities in cancer incidence and mortality between countries.

Methods: Data on total and site-specific cancer incidence and mortality in 2003-2007 were obtained for 43 countries with medium-to-high levels of human development via Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Vol.

The Effect of Changes in Educational Composition on Adult Female Mortality in Brazil.

The last century in Brazil was witness to profound changes. Female life expectancy at birth increased from 34.6 years in 1910 to 77.

Convergence of decreasing male and increasing female incidence rates in major tobacco-related cancers in Europe in 1988-2010.

Introduction: Smoking prevalence has been declining in men all over Europe, while the trend varies in European regions among women. To study the impact of past smoking prevalence, we present a comprehensive overview of the most recent trends in incidence, during 1988-2010, in 26 countries, of four of the major cancers in the respiratory and upper gastro-intestinal tract associated with tobacco smoking.

Methods: Data from 47 population-based cancer registries for lung, laryngeal, oral cavity and pharyngeal, and oesophageal cancer cases were obtained from the newly developed data repository within the European Cancer Observatory (http://eco.