Shared Decision-Making and Collaborative Care Models for Pain Management: A Scoping Review of Existing Evidence.

This article aims to summarize the existing evidence on shared decision-making and collaborative care models for acute and chronic pain management. We searched the PubMed database for articles published between 1980 and 2023 and scanned included articles' references to identify additional sources. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts.

A multi-state evaluation of extreme risk protection orders: a research protocol.

Background: Extreme Risk Protection Orders (ERPOs) are civil court orders that prohibit firearm purchase and possession when someone is behaving dangerously and is at risk of harming themselves and/or others. As of June 2024, ERPOs are available in 21 states and the District of Columbia to prevent firearm violence. This paper describes the design and protocol of a six-state study of ERPO use.

Injury prevention in the US Maternal, Infant and Early Childhood Home Visiting programme.

Background: Many home-based interventions have been demonstrated to reduce unintentional and intentional injuries in young children aged 0-4 years, but an understanding of their inclusion in federally-funded home visiting programmes in the USA is needed.

Methods: The study team administered a survey to key informants at each of the 21 home visiting models approved for United States Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting program funding being implemented in 2023. Respondents were based across the United States and in other developed countries.

Structural housing elements associated with injuries in older adults in the USA.

Objective: To quantify the unintentional injuries associated with housing elements among older adults treated in US hospital emergency departments (EDs). To identify modifiable home hazards.

Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) coding manual was reviewed to identify all codes associated with housing elements that were permanently attached to a home.

Defective Assistive Device Involvement in Older Adult Emergency Department Visits.

Background And Objectives: Many older adults adopt equipment to address physical limitations and reduce dependence on others to complete basic activities of daily living. Although a few prior studies have considered injuries associated with assistive devices for older adults, those studies focused on older adults' health and functional risks for injury. There is limited analysis of older adult injuries involving defective or malfunctioning assistive devices.

Medication Safety Counseling Practices of Pediatric Primary Care Clinicians.

Medication exposures and poisonings are a major cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. Unsafe patient practices are well documented despite the American Academy of Pediatrics recommending that pediatric primary care clinicians discuss medication safety with patients. Current clinician counseling practices for pediatric patients are unknown.

CHASE (Children's Housing Assessment for a Safe Environment): a protocol for the inspection and modification of injury risks in children's homes.

Background: Decades of research and practice experience have led to an extensive body of evidence about effective home safety modifications. However, the benefits of safety modifications have not reached all segments of society. Poor quality housing in low-income neighborhoods, along with limited access to safety products and injury prevention information, can be significant barriers to child safety.

Using the NEISS database to understand pressure cooker related injuries in the USA.

Objective: To determine the incidence of pressure cooker related injuries in US hospital emergency departments. To quantify injury patterns associated with pressure cookers and inform prevention recommendation messaging.

Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried to identify injuries associated with pressure cookers between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2019.

Understanding the circumstances of paediatric fall injuries: a machine learning analysis of NEISS narratives.

Objectives: Falls are the leading cause of non-fatal injury among young children. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the circumstances contributing to medically attended paediatric fall injuries among 0-4 years old.

Methods: Cross-sectional data for falls among kids under 5 years recorded between 2012 and 2016 in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was obtained.

"Before I Could Get Him, He Fell": Experiences, Concerns, and Fall Prevention Strategies of Parents With Young Children.

Little is known about parents' perceptions and prevention strategies regarding childhood falls. In this qualitative study using semi-structured interviews, we sought to describe parental reports of child fall experiences, concerns, and prevention strategies in the home. Sixteen parents with at least one child younger than 18 months were asked about their awareness of fall risks, falls experienced by the child, fall concerns, prevention strategies, and where in the home the child spends time throughout the day.

Safety Concerns in Mobility-Assistive Products for Older Adults: Content Analysis of Online Reviews.

Background: Older adults who have difficulty moving around are commonly advised to adopt mobility-assistive devices to prevent injuries. However, limited evidence exists on the safety of these devices. Existing data sources such as the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System tend to focus on injury description rather than the underlying context, thus providing little to no actionable information regarding the safety of these devices.

Extreme risk protection orders in response to threats of multiple victim/mass shooting in six U.S. states: A descriptive study.

Extreme risk protection orders (ERPOs), also known as red flag laws, are a potential tool to prevent firearm violence, including mass shootings, but little is currently known about the extent of their use in cases of mass shooting threats or about the threats themselves. We collected and abstracted information from ERPO cases from six states (California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Maryland, and Washington). Ten percent (N = 662) of all ERPO cases (N = 6787) were in response to a threat of killing at least 3 people.

Working With Fire Departments to Adapt and Implement Evidence-Based Programs That Increase Uptake of Smoke Alarms: A Case-Series Report.

We describe a partnership between an academic injury center and three U.S. fire departments to adapt and implement strategies for promoting smoke alarm programs.

It Is Not the Batteries! Smoke Alarm Presence and Functionality 5 to 7 Years Postinstallation of Sealed Lithium Battery Alarms.

Smoke alarms with lithium batteries have been marketed as long life or "10-Year Alarms." Previous work has drawn into question the actual term of functionality for lithium battery alarms. This article reports on observed smoke alarm presence and functionality in a sample of 158 homes that had participated in a fire department smoke alarm installation program 5 to 7 years prior to the observations.

A patient decision aid for prescribing pain medication: Results from a pilot test in two emergency departments.

Objective: This study piloted a patient education and decision aid tool about prescription pain relievers to determine potential impact on: comfort receiving an opioid prescription; knowledge about opioids; decisional conflict about whether to take an opioid; and shared decision making with the prescribing physician.

Methods: Patients with acute pain were recruited from two emergency departments (ED), and randomized to complete the tool (N = 65) or a time-matched control (N = 59) on a tablet. Data collection involved: a baseline survey; a post-test immediately following the assigned program; a discharge survey after seeing the physician; and a 6-week follow-up survey.

National survey of home injuries during the time of COVID-19: who is at risk?

Background: Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, 44% of all reported injuries in U.S. households occurred in the home.

Creating and Disseminating a Resource for State Policy Makers About Injury and Violence Prevention: A Case Example of Translating Research to Policy.

The gap between evidence and policy is a challenge that can be bridged through strategic outreach and translation efforts. We developed and disseminated the Resource for State Policy Makers (the Resource) to lessen the information gap between state policy makers and injury prevention researchers in Maryland. Our goal was to produce and disseminate a resource for policy makers that could be replicated by public health professionals in other states and regions.

Extreme risk protection orders in King County, Washington: the epidemiology of dangerous behaviors and an intervention response.

Background: Extreme Risk Protection Order (ERPO) laws are a promising gun violence prevention strategy. ERPO laws allow specific categories of people (law enforcement in all states, family in most) to petition a court to request that an individual be temporarily prohibited from purchasing and possessing firearms because that individual is behaving dangerously and at risk of violence, either to themselves or others. In 2017 Washington State's ERPO law took effect.

Assessment of Physician Self-reported Knowledge and Use of Maryland's Extreme Risk Protection Order Law.

Importance: On October 1, 2018, Maryland's extreme risk protection order (ERPO) law took effect. This was the first ERPO law in the United States to authorize clinicians to initiate a civil court process to temporarily prohibit people behaving dangerously and at risk of engaging in violence from purchasing and possessing firearms. This is the first publication reporting results from a survey of physicians about ERPOs.

Utilizing Facebook and Automated Telephone Calls to Increase Adoption of a Local Smoke Alarm Installation Program.

Context: Innovative strategies are needed to improve the prevalence of working smoke alarms in homes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report on the effectiveness of Facebook advertising and automated telephone calls as population-level strategies to encourage an injury prevention behavior.

Objective: We examine the effectiveness of Facebook advertising and automated telephone calls as strategies to enroll individuals in Baltimore City's Fire Department's free smoke alarm installation program.

Cell Phone and Computer Use Among Parents Visiting an Urban Pediatric Emergency Department.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of cell phone and computer use among urban families bringing their children to an emergency department and to determine which technologies parents prefer to use to receive health information.

Methods: We visited 2 pediatric emergency departments in Baltimore, Md, and Little Rock, Ark. A convenience sample of parents of children 8 years old or younger completed a self-administered survey in the waiting area.

Results of an RCT in Two Pediatric Emergency Departments to Evaluate the Efficacy of an m-Health Educational App on Car Seat Use.

Introduction: The growing interest in incorporating prevention into emergency health care make it timely to examine the use of computer technology to efficiently deliver effective education in this setting.

Study Design: This RCT compared results from an intervention group (n=367) that received child passenger safety information, to an attention-matched control (n=375). A baseline survey and two follow-up surveys at 3 and 6 months were conducted.

Pilot Study of a Novel Partnership for Installing Smoke Alarms.

Objectives To demonstrate the feasibility of partnering fire department personnel and home visiting nurses to increase the number of low-income homes protected by smoke alarms. Methods During a regularly scheduled home visit, nurses at the Nurse-Family Partnership of Maricopa County (NFP) informed their clients about an opportunity to have smoke alarms installed in their homes for free. For interested families, nurses sent a referral to the Phoenix Fire Department (PFD), scheduled an appointment, and accompanied the PFD volunteers during the installation.

Distribution and Evaluation of a Carbon Monoxide Detector Intervention in Two Settings: Emergency Department and Urban Community.

The objective of this study was to describe changes in carbon monoxide (CO) safety knowledge and observed CO detector use following distribution of a CO detector use intervention in two environments, a pediatric emergency department (Ohio) and an urban community (Maryland). A total of 301 participants completed the 6-month follow up (Ohio: n = 125; Maryland: n = 176). The majority of participants was female, 25–34 years of age, and employed (full or part time).