Malnutrition drives infection susceptibility and dysregulated myelopoiesis that persists after refeeding intervention.

Undernutrition is one of the largest persistent global health crises, with nearly 1 billion people facing severe food insecurity. Infectious disease represents the main underlying cause of morbidity and mortality for malnourished individuals, with infection during malnutrition representing the leading cause of childhood mortality worldwide. In the face of this complex challenge, simple refeeding protocols have remained the primary treatment strategy.

Characterizing medical patients with delirium: A cohort study comparing ICD-10 codes and a validated chart review method.

Background: Delirium is a major cause of preventable mortality and morbidity in hospitalized adults, but accurately determining rates of delirium remains a challenge.

Objective: To characterize and compare medical inpatients identified as having delirium using two common methods, administrative data and retrospective chart review.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 3881 randomly selected internal medicine hospital admissions from six acute care hospitals in Toronto and Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.

Single-cell NAD(H) levels predict clonal lymphocyte expansion dynamics.

Adaptive immunity requires the expansion of high-affinity lymphocytes from a heterogeneous pool. Whereas current models explain this through signal transduction, we hypothesized that antigen affinity tunes discrete metabolic pathways to license clonal lymphocyte dynamics. Here, we identify nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis as a biochemical hub for the T cell receptor affinity-dependent metabolome.

Enhancing Psychiatry Education through Podcasting: Learning from the Listener Experience.

Objective: Podcasts have recently been introduced into psychiatry education, despite limited evidence evaluating podcasting in medical education. PsychEd is an educational, publicly available podcast targeting junior learners in psychiatry. This study characterized PsychEd's listeners and the podcast's role in their education.

Development and uncertainty characterization of 3D particle location from perspective shifted plenoptic images.

This work details the development of an algorithm to determine 3D position and in plane size and shape of particles by exploiting the perspective shift capabilities of a plenoptic camera combined with stereo-matching methods. This algorithm is validated using an experimental data set previously examined in a refocusing based particle location study in which a static particle field is translated to provide known depth displacements at varied magnification and object distances. Examination of these results indicates increased accuracy and precision is achieved compared to a previous refocusing based method at significantly reduced computational costs.

Volumetric calibration of a plenoptic camera.

The volumetric calibration of a plenoptic camera is explored to correct for inaccuracies due to real-world lens distortions and thin-lens assumptions in current processing methods. Two methods of volumetric calibration based on a polynomial mapping function that does not require knowledge of specific lens parameters are presented and compared to a calibration based on thin-lens assumptions. The first method, volumetric dewarping, is executed by creation of a volumetric representation of a scene using the thin-lens assumptions, which is then corrected in post-processing using a polynomial mapping function.

Uncertainty characterization of particle location from refocused plenoptic images.

Plenoptic imaging is a 3D imaging technique that has been applied for quantification of 3D particle locations and sizes. This work experimentally evaluates the accuracy and precision of such measurements by investigating a static particle field translated to known displacements. Measured 3D displacement values are determined from sharpness metrics applied to volumetric representations of the particle field created using refocused plenoptic images, corrected using a recently developed calibration technique.

Comparison of three-dimensional particle tracking and sizing using plenoptic imaging and digital in-line holography.

Digital in-line holography (DIH) and plenoptic photography are two techniques for single-shot, volumetric measurement of 3D particle fields. Here we present a comparison of the two methods by applying plenoptic imaging to experimental configurations that have been previously investigated with DIH. These experiments include the tracking of secondary droplets from the impact of a water drop on a thin film of water and tracking of pellets from a shotgun.

A case of a probable drug interaction between lurasidone and atazanavir-based antiretroviral therapy.

The cytochrome P450 isoform that is primarily involved in the metabolism of the antipsychotic lurasidone is CYP3A4. Drugs that inhibit or induce this enzyme would then be expected to increase or decrease serum concentrations of lurasidone, respectively. Atazanavir, an HIV-1 protease inhibitor, has demonstrated to be an inhibitor of CYP3A4 and would be expected to increase the exposure of any drug metabolized by this enzyme.

Electrochemical bromination of organosulfur containing species for the determination of the strength of garlic (A. sativum).

The extraction by ethyl acetate and subsequent electrochemical detection of organosulfur containing molecules from garlic is demonstrated. The electrochemical results first evidence the high sensitivity of the process towards the model compound propyl disulfide. Through the in situ formation of bromine at a platinum electrode the propyl disulfide can be readily detected at concentrations as low as 12.

Psychiatric symptoms and disorders associated with reproductive cyclicity in women: advances in screening tools.

Female-specific psychiatric illness including premenstrual dysphoria, perinatal depression, and psychopathology related to the perimenopausal period are often underdiagnosed and treated. These conditions can negatively affect the quality of life for women and their families. The development of screening tools has helped guide our understanding of these conditions.

Serotonin and female psychopathology.

There are sex differences in the prevalence and presentation of many psychiatric disorders. Various trends in symptomatology have emerged that are thought to be linked to periods of hormonal fluctuations such as with menses, pregnancy or menopause. With data from animal and human studies, it has become clear that there is an important interplay between the serotonergic system and gonadal hormones.

Male fertility: psychiatric considerations.

Objective: To examine: 1) current knowledge on normal biologic variation of seminal parameters; 2) how stress and psychological factors affect sperm quality in fertile and infertile males; and 3) how mental illness and psychopharmacologic agents can affect male fertility.

Design: English-language Medline, Embase, and Psycinfo were searched for relevant publications (from 1970 to January 2011) for systematic review.

Setting: None.

Non-hormonal treatment strategies for vasomotor symptoms: a critical review.

Hot flashes (or flushes) are the most commonly reported symptoms during the menopause transition and early postmenopausal years, particularly in Western societies; they affect 60-90% of women and can lead to significant physical discomfort and functional impairment. The emergence of hot flashes and night sweats (also known as vasomotor symptoms [VMS]) coincide with a period in life that is also marked by dynamic changes in hormone and reproductive function that interconnect with the aging process, changes in metabolism, lifestyle behaviours and overall health. Estrogen-based therapies have long been the treatment of choice for women suffering from VMS.