Electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve improves olfaction in healthy individuals: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial.

Background: Both activated by environmental odorants, there is a clear role for the intranasal trigeminal and olfactory nerves in smell function. Unfortunately, our ability to perceive odorants decreases with age or with injury, and limited interventions are available to treat smell loss.

Objective: We investigated whether electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve via trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates odor sensitivity in healthy individuals.

A Comprehensive Review of Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Depression.

Objectives: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is reemerging as an exciting form of brain stimulation, due in part to the development of its noninvasive counterpart transcutaneous auricular VNS. As the field grows, it is important to understand where VNS emerged from, including its history and the studies that were conducted over the past four decades. Here, we offer a comprehensive review of the history of VNS in the treatment of major depression.

A Review of Parameter Settings for Invasive and Non-invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Applied in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders.

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an established form of neuromodulation with a long history of promising applications. Earliest reports of VNS in the literature date to the late 1800's in experiments conducted by Dr. James Corning.

Long-term outcome after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for acoustic neuroma of all Koos grades: a single-center study.

Objective: The authors present long-term follow-up data on patients treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for acoustic neuroma.

Methods: Six hundred eighteen patients were radiosurgically treated for acoustic neuroma between 1992 and 2016 at the Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Vienna. Patients with neurofibromatosis and patients treated too recently to attain 1 year of follow-up were excluded from this retrospective study.