Effects of Orange Peel Extract on Laccase Activity and Gene Expression in .

The genome of encodes multiple laccase isozymes, the expression of which is responsive to various conditions. Here, we set out to investigate the potential of orange peel extract as an inducer of laccase production in this white-rot fungus, in comparison to the previously identified inducing chemical compound, veratryl alcohol. For four geographically distinct strains, a positive correlation has been observed between their oxidative activity and incubation time in liquid cultures.

Recent technological innovations in mycelium materials as leather substitutes: a patent review.

Leathery mycelium materials, made from the vegetative part of filamentous fungi, have garnered significant interest in recent years due to their great potential of providing environmentally sustainable alternatives to animal- and plastic-based leathers. In this systematic patent review, we provide an in-depth overview of the fabrication methods for mycelium materials as leather substitutes recently described in patents. This overview includes strategies for fungal biomass generation and industrial developments in the sector.

BioKnit: development of mycelium paste for use with permanent textile formwork.

This paper presents significant advances in mycelium biofabrication using permanent knitted textile formwork and a new substrate formulation to dramatically improve the mechanical properties of mycelium-textile biocomposites suitable for large-scale components for use in construction. The paper outlines the biofabrication process, detailing the composition of , a viscous mycelium substrate developed for use with permanent knitted formwork, and the injection process required to regulate the filling of slender tubes of fabric with mycocrete. The use of a permanent integrated knitted formwork shows promise as a composite system for use with mycelium to improve mechanical performance and enable complex shapes to be fabricated for lightweight construction.

Functional Grading of Mycelium Materials with Inorganic Particles: The Effect of Nanoclay on the Biological, Chemical and Mechanical Properties.

Biological materials that are created by growing mycelium-forming fungal microorganisms on natural fibers can form a solution to environmental pollution and scarcity of natural resources. Recent studies on the hybridization of mycelium materials with glass improved fire performance; however, the effect of inorganic particles on growth performance and mechanical properties was not previously investigated. Yet, due to the wide variety of reinforcement particles, mycelium nanocomposites can potentially be designed for specific functions and applications, such as fire resistance and mechanical improvement.

Current state and future prospects of pure mycelium materials.

In the context of the ongoing transition from a linear to a circular economy, ecologically friendly renewable solutions are put in place. Filamentous fungi can be grown on various organic feedstocks and functionalized into a range of diverse material types which are biobased and thus more sustainable in terms of their production, use and recycling. Pure mycelium materials, consisting only of mycelial biomass, can adopt versatile properties and appear promising as a substitute for current petrochemically produced polymeric materials or, in the case of myco-leather, as a substitute for animal-based leather.

Mechanical characteristics of bacterial cellulose-reinforced mycelium composite materials.

Background: While mycelium is considered a promising alternative for fossil-based resins in lignocellulosic materials, the mechanical properties of mycelium composite materials remain suboptimal, among other reasons due to the weak internal bonds between the hyphae and the natural fibres. A solution could be provided by the hybridisation of mycelium materials with organic additives. More specifically, bacterial cellulose seems to be a promising additive that could result in reinforcing mycelium composites; however, this strategy is underreported in scientific literature.

A review on the potential of filamentous fungi for microbial self-healing of concrete.

Concrete is the most used construction material worldwide due to its abundant availability and inherent ease of manufacturing and application. However, the material bears several drawbacks such as the high susceptibility for crack formation, leading to reinforcement corrosion and structural degradation. Extensive research has therefore been performed on the use of microorganisms for biologically mediated self-healing of concrete by means of CaCO precipitation.

A comprehensive framework for the production of mycelium-based lignocellulosic composites.

Environmental pollution and scarcity of natural resources lead to an increased interest in developing more sustainable materials. For example, the traditional construction industry, which is largely based on the extraction of fossil fuels and raw materials, is called into question. A solution can be found in biologically augmented materials that are made by growing mycelium-forming fungal microorganisms on natural fibres rich in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.

Mechanical, physical and chemical characterisation of mycelium-based composites with different types of lignocellulosic substrates.

The current physical goods economy produces materials by extracting finite valuable resources without taking their end of the life and environmental impact into account. Mycelium-based materials offer an alternative fabrication paradigm, based on the growth of materials rather than on extraction. Agricultural residue fibres are inoculated with fungal mycelium, which form an interwoven three-dimensional filamentous network binding the feedstock into a lightweight material.