Healthy Patients Are Not the Best Controls for Microbiome-Based Clinical Studies: Example of Sjögren's Syndrome in a Systematic Review.

Introduction: It has been hypothesized that gut and oral dysbiosis may contribute to the development of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The aim of this systematic review was to assemble available data regarding the oral and gut microbiota in pSS and to compare them to data from healthy individuals and patients with dry symptoms without a diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome or lupus disease to identify dysbiosis and discuss the results.

Methodology: Using the PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed studies that compared the oral and gut microbiota of Sjögren's patients and controls.

Features and Outcomes of Microcrystalline Arthritis Treated by Biologics: A Retrospective Study.

Objectives: The usual treatments for crystal-associated arthritis are sometimes contraindicated; thus, new therapies against interleukin-1beta (IL-1) have been developed. We evaluated the characteristics of patients who received biological treatment for crystal-associated arthritis.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a multicentric retrospective observational study in six rheumatology units in western France.