Green Dentistry: State of the Art and Possible Development Proposals.

: The objective of this narrative literature review was to highlight all dental procedures attributable to sectoral waste and to consider possible alternatives in line with the concept of sustainable development. : An extensive search of electronic databases, including the Cochrane Oral Health Group Specialized Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Search words included 'Green Dentistry', 'Dental Pollution', 'Pollutants and Dentistry', 'Disinfectants and Dentistry', and 'High-tech Dentistry'.

Differential Diagnosis of Pigmented Lesions in the Oral Mucosa: A Clinical Based Overview and Narrative Review.

This paper examines the clinical differentiation of pigmented lesions in the oral mucosa, which poses significant diagnostic challenges across dental and medical disciplines due to their spectrum from benign to potentially malignant conditions. Through a literature review and analysis of clinical cases, this study clarifies current diagnostic methodologies, with an emphasis on differential diagnosis, to provide a practical guide for clinicians. The classification of pigmented lesions, such as endogenous, focal melanocytic, and multifocal pigmentation, based on clinical and histological features, highlights the necessity for a structured and informed approach.

Could Dental Material Reuse Play a Significant Role in Preservation of Raw Materials, Water, Energy, and Costs? Microbiological Analysis of New versus Reused Healing Abutments: An In Vitro Study.

Aim: The objective of this in vitro study was to compare reused and sterilized versus new healing abutments to assess whether a decontamination and sterilization process performed on resued healing abutments was sufficient to remove residual proteins. The two groups were comparable with respect to patient safety.

Materials And Methods: During the period from September 2022 to October 2023, healing abutment screws were selected and divided into two groups according to whether they were new or previously used in patients.

Full Arch Implant-Prosthetic Rehabilitation in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: A 7-Year Follow-Up Prospective Single Cohort Study.

: The rising average age increases edentulous cases, demanding more implant-prosthetic rehabilitation, with cardiovascular diseases being significant factors. This study compared healthy patients (CG = Control Group) and those with cardiovascular disease (TG = Test Group) for implant survival, Marginal Bone Loss (MBL), peri-implant tissue level parameters as Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR), Plaque Index (PI), Bleeding on Probing (BoP) Peri-implant Probing Depth (PPD), and surgical complications. Smoking impact on both groups and medication influence in the TG were secondary outcomes.

Effect of bleaching treatments on the adhesion of orthodontic brackets: a systematic review.

Background: Nowadays bleaching procedures have gained popularity in orthodontic patients. Peroxide and Carbamide acids are the common agents which are used in in-office and at home bleaching techniques. Consequently, the Bonding adhesion to the enamel can be influenced by the orthodontic phase and the residual peroxide might interfere with the polymerization and the adhesion of the brackets.

Efficacy Ozone Therapy in Reducing Periodontal Disease.

The aim of this study is to highlight the properties of ozone as an aid to non-surgical therapy compared to non-surgical therapy alone. This study included thirty Caucasian patients (eighteen women and twelve men) aged between 35 and 65, recruited at the Oral Hygiene and Prevention Center of the Dental Clinic of the Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, at the San Raffaele hospital in Milan. The periodontal probing was recorded with a PC-PUNC 15 manual probe (Hu Friedy) at time 0; the scaling and root planing session was performed at T1 with or without the aid of ozone therapy, and then, the patients were re-evaluated at one month (T2), three months (T3), and six months (T4).

Comparison of Lasers and Desensitizing Agents in Dentinal Hypersensitivity Therapy.

The main objective of this review is to verify the validity of laser therapy in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity, an extremely common problem in patients, with Nd: YAG lasers or high- and/or low-power diode lasers to obtain a definitive protocol for the treatment of hypersensitivity, given the multiplicity of laser treatments proposed by the numerous authors evaluated. The authors performed an electronic search on PubMed, favouring it as a search engine. Lasers represent a means of treating dentin hypersensitivity, used alone and/or in conjunction with specific products for the treatment of such a pathology.

Aesthetic Restorations: The Role of The Dental Hygienist in Professional Maintenance: In Vitro Microbiological Study.

The aim of this in vitro study is to try to identify a treatment in the field of professional oral hygiene techniques that is ideal and less invasive with regard to prosthetic restorations, chosen in lithium disilicate and feldspar ceramics. Seventeen veneers were prepared (eight in lithium disilicate and nine in feldspar ceramic) and each of them was attached to an extracted tooth. The treatment groups were initially contaminated in the Microbiology Laboratory of Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele.

Full Arch Implant-Prosthetic Rehabilitation in Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus: Retrospective Clinical Study with 10 Year Follow-Up.

The aim of this retrospective clinical study was to evaluate and compare implant survival, marginal bone loss, and clinical and prosthetic complications in healthy patients and patients with type I diabetes undergoing full arch implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. A total of 47 patients needing total fixed rehabilitation of one or both arches were enrolled for this study. Based on the absence of any systemic diseases (Group A) or the presence of type I diabetes (Group B), the sample was divided into two groups.

Effects of an Ozonated Water Irrigator on the Plaque Index and Bleeding Index of Pregnant Women.

Pregnancy causes physiological changes in the woman's body, which can also affect oral health. Therefore, pregnant women may manifest gingival inflammation that is favored by their hormonal increase. This clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.

One-year impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Italian dental professionals: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the daily work of the dental professionals, assuming unprecedented economic, managerial, and psychological implications. The aim of this cross-sectional survey was to analyze the extent of the impact linked to the imposed working conditions on the Italian dental team.

Methods: The survey was administered with a web-based form (Google Forms; Google LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA) to Italian dentists and hygienists.

Osteopathy in mild adrenal Cushing's syndrome and Cushing disease.

Pathophysiology and effects of endogenous glucocorticoid (GC) excess on skeletal endpoints as well as awareness and management of bone fragility are reviewed. Cushing's syndrome (CS) increase the risk of fracture affecting prevalently bone quality. Bone antiresorptive agents (SERMs, bisphosphonates and denosumab) as well as teriparatide increase bone mineral density and in some instances reduce fracture risk.

Manual vs Mechanical Oral Hygiene Procedures: Has the Role of the Dental Hygienist in Phase 2 Post-lockdown Really Changed?

Purpose: Some authors have highlighted the danger of intraoral use of rotating instruments which can produce droplets and aerosols. During the Covid lockdown phase, dental operators were limited to providing emergency treatment that could not be postponed. Therefore, it is necessary for the dental team to restart safely to treat neglected oral diseases that may also affect systemic health.

General Health, Systemic Diseases and Oral Status in Adult Patients with Coeliac Disease.

The prevalence of coeliac disease in the general population is 0.5%-1%; however, most patients remain undiagnosed until adult age. In some cases, the onset is represented by sub-clinical signs, some of which can be found in the mouth.

A micromorphological/microbiological pilot study assessing three methods for the maintenance of the implant patient.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the ultrasonic piezoelectric inserts of EMS Steel Tip A, EMS Peek, and IS-TiP-STS-3E in reducing peri-implant bacterial load without compromising the surface of implants during professional oral hygiene in the follow-up.

Materials And Methods: Thirteen implants were examined (Winsix, Biosafin, Ancona, Italy). The implants were divided into five groups and analyzed with a SEM microscope and microbiological analysis to evaluate the possible modification of structure and the bacterial load reduction.

Dentistry and Covid-19 pandemic: operative indications post-lockdown.

A new Coronavirus, the seventh member of the Coronaviridae family, identified as SARS-CoV-2, spread in late December 2019 in the territory of Wuhan in China. CoV-2019 can be transmitted directly from person to person by respiratory drops, direct contact and contaminated material. Furthermore, 2019-nCov penetrates cells similarly to the SARS coronavirus, i.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Use of the Diode Laser in the Reduction of the Volume of the Edematous Gingival Tissue after Causal Therapy.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare two different techniques for the treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis, demonstrating whether the causal therapy supported by diode laser can allow a resolution of the edema caused by gingivitis in less time compared to the single traditional causal therapy.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five patients between 20 and 60 years of age with a specific diagnosis of gingivitis were evaluated at the CLID-HSR oral hygiene department. Once the clinical parameters (bleeding index, plaque index, recession, and clinical attack level) were recorded, each of them was subjected to a professional oral hygiene session and instructed in correct home hygiene procedures.

Stannous Fluoride Preventive Effect on Enamel Erosion: An In Vitro Study.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of a single dose application of two daily toothpastes on enamel exposed to acid attack. The research was conducted on human molars enamel fragments ( = 72). The two different toothpastes active ingredients were sodium fluoride (NaF) and stannous fluoride (SnF).

Point-of-care testing for hepatitis C virus infection at an Italian dental clinic: portrait of the pilot study population.

The dental clinic is an appropriate place to promote the prevention of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and fast access for care of HCV-positive subjects with new-generation anti-HCV drugs. This study aimed to determine the socio-demographic profile of subjects screened for HCV virus in a dental clinic to acquire useful information for future campaigns of prevention. An easy, free-of-charge, screen salivary test was offered to patients referred to the dental clinic of San Raffaele Scientific Research Hospital in Milan, Italy for dental procedures.

Laser versus LED polymerization: Comparison of in vitro preventive sealing procedures.

Introduction:: The technique of sealing is a widely accepted procedure for prevention of caries. The aim of our in vitro study was to compare the effect of two different curing units (traditional LED source and innovative laser diode lamp) on the integrity of fissure sealant material and its interface with tooth enamel.

Materials And Methods:: Sixty healthy third molars were randomly assigned to two groups.

Point-of-care testing for hepatitis C virus infection at alternative and high-risk sites: an Italian pilot study in a dental clinic.

The Infectious Diseases Department and the Department of Dentistry of San Raffaele Scientific Institute in Milan conducted a screening and prevention program, the "EASY HCV-test Program," at a dental clinic to increase the identification of unrecognized infections. Using a cross-sectional community-based study design, hygienists in the dental clinic offered patients a hepatitis C virus (HCV) rapid salivary test (OraQuick ADVANCE® Rapid HCV Antibody Test) with pre- and post-test counseling prior to initiation of their oral hygiene routine. From April 2015 to November 2015, the EASY HCV test was offered to 2650 patients visiting the Center of Oral Health and Prevention at the Department of Dentistry at San Raffaele Hospital in Milan.

Comparative clinical and psychosocial benefits of tooth bleaching: different light activation of a 38% peroxide gel in a preliminary case-control study.

Tooth bleaching is a widespread dental treatment with important psychosocial antecedents and outcomes involved. In the activation of in-office bleaching agents, a selective light radiation, that is, a diode laser seems to be a positive choice to decrease the time of bleaching without surface modification and with no residual tooth sensitivity for maximum effect and minimal clinical and psychological side effects.

Bone Formation Following Sinus Augmentation with an Equine-Derived Bone Graft: A Retrospective Histologic and Histomorphometric Study with 36-Month Follow-up.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate bone formation over time following maxillary sinus augmentation with an enzyme-deantigenic, bone collagen-preserving equine bone graft by retrospective assessment of histomorphometric data.

Materials And Methods: Records of patients with atrophic ridges who underwent maxillary sinus augmentation with the enzyme-deantigenic equine bone graft and two-step implant placement between 3 and 12 months after the sinus-augmentation surgery were assessed retrospectively. The histomorphometric data were clustered in three classes according to time of collection from the augmentation surgery and analyzed to assess newly formed bone deposition and residual biomaterial degradation rates.

A Prospective Longitudinal Study on Implant Prosthetic Rehabilitation in Controlled HIV-Positive Patients with 1-Year Follow-Up: The Role of CD4+ Level, Smoking Habits, and Oral Hygiene.

Background: A recent study showed that implant-prosthetic rehabilitation in well-controlled HIV patients gave slightly worse results than in an healthy population, and failures were all linked to infection.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the associations between the success of implant-prosthetic treatment and systemic CD4+ level, smoking habits, and oral hygiene.

Materials And Methods: This mono-centric study included HIV patients with a stable disease and good oral hygiene requiring implant rehabilitation.

Implant Prosthetic Rehabilitation in Controlled HIV-Positive Patients: A Prospective Longitudinal Study with 1-Year Follow-Up.

Purpose: The clinical trial aimed to evaluate the survival of implant-prosthetic rehabilitation in controlled HIV-positive patients.

Materials And Methods: This mono-centric study included HIV patients with a stable disease, requiring implant rehabilitation, with good oral hygiene. Each patient received at least one dental implant.