Poly(ADP-ribosylated) proteins in mononuclear cells from patients with type 2 diabetes identified by proteomic studies.

Aims: In diabetes, hyperglycemia increases reactive oxygen species that induce DNA damage and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase activation. The aim of this study is to characterize the proteomic profile and the role of poly(ADP-ribosylation) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A proteomic platform based on 2DE and MALDI-ToF spectrometry was applied to peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from two different cohorts in which diabetic (n = 14) and normoglycemic patients (n = 11) were enrolled.

Could gestational diabetes mellitus be managed through dietary bioactive compounds? Current knowledge and future perspectives.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious problem growing worldwide that needs to be addressed with urgency in consideration of the resulting severe complications for both mother and fetus. Growing evidence indicates that a healthy diet rich in fruit, vegetables, nuts, extra-virgin olive oil and fish has beneficial effects in both the prevention and management of several human diseases and metabolic disorders. In this review, we discuss the latest data concerning the effects of dietary bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and PUFA on the molecular mechanisms regulating glucose homoeostasis.

Endothelial dysfunction markers as a therapeutic target for Sildenafil treatment and effects on metabolic control in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Endothelial dysfunction (ED) plays a role in diabetic cardiovascular complications. Hyperglycemia increases cytockines involved in vascular inflammation. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) exerts a relaxation on corpora cavernosa and has cardioprotective properties.

Short-term effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists on fat distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an ultrasonography study.

Aims: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) induce weight loss and reduction in adipose tissue, but the effects of GLP-1 RA on the distribution of fat deposits have been poorly investigated.

Methods: In 25 patients with type 2 diabetes (16 females and 9 males, mean age 63.5 ± 8.

Lack of the QTc physiologic decrease during cardiac stress test in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with secretagogues.

Patients with type 2 diabetes are at increased susceptibility to a prolonged QT interval. Furthermore, insulin secretagogues, drugs used to treat diabetes, may prolong QT interval and provoke arrhythmias. We evaluated whether secretagogues can affect QTc interval during cardiac stress test in 20 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with secretagogues.

Chronic Inhibition of cGMP phosphodiesterase 5A improves diabetic cardiomyopathy: a randomized, controlled clinical trial using magnetic resonance imaging with myocardial tagging.

Background: cGMP phosphodiesterase type 5 protein is upregulated in myocardial hypertrophy. However, it has never been ascertained whether phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition exerts an antiremodeling effect in nonischemic heart disease in humans. We explored the cardioreparative properties of a selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, sildenafil, in a model of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Transaminase levels in the upper normal range are associated with oral hypoglycemic drug therapy failure in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Incident diabetes and the worsening of diabetes have recently been linked to hepatic steatosis. Aim of our study was to determine whether oral hypoglycemic agent failure is associated with higher transaminase levels (valid measure of liver steatosis). We selected 200 patients, attenders (3 consecutive annual evaluations) in our clinic, with type 2 diabetes among which 100 with oral hypoglycemic agents failure and 100 who were still responsive to oral therapy.

Atorvastatin downregulates monocyte CD36 expression, nuclear NFkappaB and TNFalpha levels in type 2 diabetes.

Aim: Type 2 diabetes increases the risk for cardiovascular disease, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) reduce cardiovascular events in these patients. The benefits of statin therapy cannot be explained only by the lipid-lowering effect. The aim of this study was to test the effect of atorvastatin therapy on CD36 scavenger receptor expression, nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) levels and markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, CRP, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, TNF-alpha) in circulating monocytes from diabetic patients.

Effect of insulin on airway responsiveness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cohort study.

Background: The correlation between low insulin levels and a decreased sensitivity of the muscarinic receptor has been shown on induced-diabetes animal models. We designed a cohort study with the aim of evaluating the effects of insulin therapy on airway responsiveness (AR) in human patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: We enrolled 92 patients with type 2 diabetes who had switched from oral anti-diabetic therapy to treatment by insulin subcutaneous injection.

Poor glycemic control is an independent risk factor for low HDL cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the association observed between poor glycemic control and low HDL cholesterol in type 2 diabetes is dependent on obesity and/or hypertriglyceridemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of 1,819 patients with type 2 diabetes and triglycerides <400 mg/dl enrolled at three diabetes centers in Italy. The risk for low HDL cholesterol was analyzed as a function of A1C levels.

Metabolic syndrome is not a risk factor for kidney dysfunction in obese non-diabetic subjects.

Objective: To investigate whether insulin resistance (IR) and the metabolic syndrome (MS) are associated with kidney dysfunction in obese non-diabetic (OND) subjects.

Methods And Procedures: Three-hundred and eighty (113M/267F; age = 41 +/- 14 years) OND subjects (BMI > or = 30 kg/m(2); range = 43 +/- 8 kg/m(2)) were studied. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile, and serum creatinine were evaluated.

Endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients without clinical macrovascular complications.

Aims: To evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction (ED) in diabetic patients without clinical macrovascular complications.

Methods: In 27 type 1, 56 type 2 diabetic patients and 35 healthy controls the redox state (GSH, GSSG; enzymatic method), endothelin-1 (ET-1; ELISA) and von Willebrand factor (vWF; ELISA) plasma levels, urinary vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; ELISA) were measured.

Results: Decreased GSH levels (p<0.

Antioxidant treatment associated with sildenafil reduces monocyte activation and markers of endothelial damage in patients with diabetic erectile dysfunction: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Objective: To investigate the synergic effect of propionyl L-carnitine (PLC) plus sildenafil in reducing monocyte oxidative activity and endothelial dysfunction markers in diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction (ED).

Methods: Thirty-two type 2 diabetic patients with ED (according to the International Index of Erectile Function-5 [IIEF-5]) were randomized to receive PLC (2 g/d) alone (n=8) or combined with sildenafil (50 mg/d twice weekly) (n=8), sildenafil alone (50 mg/d twice weekly) (n=8), or placebo (n=8) in a double-blind, fixed-dose study. Monocyte oxidative activity (stimulation index [SI]), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1], P-selectin, advanced glycation end product (AGE) levels, Doppler sonography (recording peak systolic velocity [PSV]; end diastolic velocity [EDV]; systolic wave time [SWT]; resistive index [RI]), and IIEF score were evaluated before and after 12 wk of treatment; IIEF-5 was evaluated again 4 wk posttreatment.

Circulating monocyte oxidative activity is increased in patients with type 2 diabetes and erectile dysfunction.

Purpose: We investigated the relationship between oxidative stress and diabetic erectile dysfunction.

Materials And Methods: A total of 23 patients with a mean +/- SD age of 56.7 +/- 5.

Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase activity is reduced in circulating mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients.

Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP-1), a nuclear enzyme activated by DNA strand breaks, is involved in DNA repair, aging, inflammation, and neoplastic transformation. In diabetes, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species occurring in response to hyperglycemia cause DNA damages and PARP-1 activation. Because circulating mononuclear cells (MNCs) are involved in inflammation mechanisms, these cells were chosen as the experimental model to evaluate PARP-1 levels and activity in patients with type 2 diabetes.