Use of Static Cutoffs of Hypertension to Determine High cIMT in Children and Adolescents: An International Collaboration Study.

Background: Pediatric hypertension is typically defined as blood pressure ≥ sex-, age-, and height-specific 95th percentile (high) cutoffs. Given the number of strata, there are hundreds of cutoffs for defining elevated and high blood pressure that make it cumbersome to use in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of the static cutoffs for pediatric hypertension (120/80 mm Hg for children and 130/80 mm Hg for adolescents) in determining high carotid intimamedia thickness (cIMT) in children and adolescents.

Metabolic syndrome, clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and high carotid intima-media thickness in children and adolescents.

Objective: The clinical utility of screening for pediatric metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents is still controversial. We examined the performance of pediatric MetS vs. clustering of cardiovascular risk factors (which are the components of MetS) for predicting high carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in children and adolescents.

Metabolically Healthy Obesity and High Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Children and Adolescents: International Childhood Vascular Structure Evaluation Consortium.

Objective: It has been argued that metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) does not increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study examines the association of MHO with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), a proxy of CVD risk, in children and adolescents.

Research Design And Methods: Data were available for 3,497 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years from five population-based cross-sectional studies in Brazil, China, Greece, Italy, and Spain.

Influence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ exon 2 and exon 6 and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 Gly972Arg polymorphisms on insulin resistance and beta-cell function in southern mediterranean women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background And Objective: The Pro12Ala (exon 2) and His447His (exon 6) polymorphisms of PPAR-γ, and Gly972Arg polymorphism of IRS-1 have been implicated in insulin resistance (IR) and adiposity. Our aim was to investigate the influence of these polymorphisms on metabolic features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: Fifty-three PCOS women and 26 control women underwent a clinical and biochemical evaluation, including a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test.

HDL subclasses and the common CETP TaqIB variant predict the incidence of microangiopatic complications in type 2 diabetic women: A 9years follow-up study.

Aims: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and retinopathy (DR) develop in a considerable number of subjects with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) despite the achievement of the recommended targets for glycaemia and blood pressure. Atherogenic dyslipidemia may play a relevant role, especially in T2DM women.

Methods: We report our findings on the effect of diabetic dyslipidaemia, the HDL subclasses distribution and the common cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)TaqIB variant on the incidence or the progression of DKD and DR in 97 T2D women, after a ∼9years of follow-up.

Corrigendum to "Fracture Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: Current Perspectives and Gender Differences".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2016/1615735.].

Fracture Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: Current Perspectives and Gender Differences.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures, resulting in disabilities and increased mortality. The pathophysiological mechanisms linking diabetes to osteoporosis have not been fully explained, but alterations in bone structure and quality are well described in diabetic subjects, likely due to a combination of different factors. Insulin deficiency and dysfunction, obesity and hyperinsulinemia, altered level of oestrogen, leptin, and adiponectin as well as diabetes-related complications, especially peripheral neuropathy, orthostatic hypotension, or reduced vision due to retinopathy may all be associated with an impairment in bone metabolism and with the increased risk of fractures.

Clinical correlates of persistently elevated liver enzymes in type 2 diabetic outpatients.

Aims: To evaluate the prevalence and the clinical implication of persistently elevated liver enzymes in diabetic subjects, with no evidence of viral hepatitis infection or alcohol abuse.

Methods: Clinical, lifestyle, anthropometric data and laboratory test values were collected in 916 type 2 diabetic subjects, examined for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GT) levels at two different time points.

Results: Five hundred forty four patients (59.

Ulcero-osteolytic lesions in a woman with type 2 diabetes and carpal tunnel syndrome: A case report and literature review.

We describe the case of a 73-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes presenting with ulcers and ostelytic lesions on distal phalanges of left hand, who was diagnosed with the rare "ulcero-mutilating" variant of carpal tunnel syndrome. A review of literature on cutaneous manifestations associated with the syndrome is also presented.

Markers of Systemic Inflammation and Apo-AI Containing HDL Subpopulations in Women with and without Diabetes.

Background. Besides their role in reverse cholesterol transport, HDL particles may affect the atherosclerotic process through the modulation of subclinical inflammation. HDL particles differ in size, composition, and, probably, anti-inflammatory properties.

MTHFR C677T polymorphism, folate status and colon cancer risk in acromegalic patients.

Background: Acromegalic patients have a higher risk of developing colorectal tumours (CRT). The common C677T polymorphism in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is a well-documented CRT risk factor in the general population, but its role in acromegaly has never been examined.

Purpose: We investigated the influence of MTHFR C677T polymorphism, folate status and other lifestyle, nutritional and disease-specific variables on CRT risk in acromegaly.

Methotrexate Increases Skeletal Muscle GLUT4 Expression and Improves Metabolic Control in Experimental Diabetes.

Long-term administration of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) mimics the effects of endurance exercise by activating AMP kinase and by increasing skeletal muscle expression of GLUT4 glucose transporter. AICAR is an intermediate in the purine de novo synthesis, and its tissue concentrations can be increased, in vivo, by low doses of methotrexate (MTX) through the inhibition of the enzyme AICAR transformylase. We report here the first evidence that, in experimental type 2 diabetes, chronic treatment with low doses of MTX increases skeletal muscle GLUT4 expression and improves metabolic control.