Discrimination on the basis of race and color.

The heightened focus on racism and colorism in recent years has deepened scholarly attention to the pervasive emergence and impact of racism and colorism within organizations. In this review, we begin by exploring the diverse ways in which racism manifests within organizations. We then address the complexities and variations that exist within racial categories - exploring colorism and the ways targets of racism and colorism manage their identities.

Conscientiousness assessments for people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Measurement properties and potential issues.

Organizations increasingly recognize the importance of including neurodivergent people (e.g., those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], autism, dyslexia) in the workforce.

Worrying About Finances During COVID-19: Resiliency Enhances the Effect of Worrying on Both Proactive Behavior and Stress.

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting economic instability, many people are contending with financial insecurity. Guided by Conservation of Resources Theory (Hobfoll, American Psychologist 44:513-524, 1989; Hobfoll et al., Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior 5:103-128, 2018), the current research explores the consequences of experiencing financial insecurity during a pandemic, with a focus on individuals who report relatively higher rates of financial insecurity, performance challenges, and stress during such experiences: working parents (American Psychological Association, 2022).

Impact of COVID-19 on residency choice: A survey of New York City medical students.

Objectives: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted medical student education, particularly in New York City (NYC). We aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical students' residency choices.

Methods: The authors conducted a cross-sectional survey of medical students in all years of study at four NYC medical schools (Columbia, Cornell, NYU, and SUNY Downstate).

Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Genotype-Specific Surveillance and Preventive Strategies for Gynecologic Cancers Among Women With Lynch Syndrome.

Importance: With the expansion of multigene testing for cancer susceptibility, Lynch syndrome (LS) has become more readily identified among women. The condition is caused by germline pathogenic variants in DNA mismatch repair genes (ie, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) and is associated with high but variable risks of endometrial and ovarian cancers based on genotype. However, current guidelines on preventive strategies are not specific to genotypes.

Surveillance Cessation for Barrett's Esophagus: A Survey of Gastroenterologists.

Introduction: Regular endoscopic surveillance is the gold standard Barrett's esophagus (BE) surveillance, yet harms of surveillance for some patients may outweigh the benefits. We sought to characterize physicians' BE surveillance cessation recommendations.

Methods: We surveyed gastroenterologists about their BE surveillance recommendations varying patient age, comorbidity, and BE length.

Gene-Specific Variation in Colorectal Cancer Surveillance Strategies for Lynch Syndrome.

Background And Aims: Lynch syndrome is associated with pathogenic variants in 4 mismatch repair (MMR) genes that increase lifetime risk of colorectal cancer. Guidelines recommend intensive colorectal cancer surveillance with colonoscopy every 1-2 years starting at age 25 years for all carriers of Lynch syndrome-associated variants, regardless of gene product. We constructed a simulation model to analyze the effects of different ages of colonoscopy initiation and surveillance intervals for each MMR gene (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, quality-adjusted life-years, and cost.

Prevalence of Clostridioides difficile and Other Gastrointestinal Pathogens in Patients with COVID-19.

Background: Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in patients with COVID-19, but prevalence of co-infection with enteric pathogens is unknown.

Aims: This study assessed the prevalence of enteric infections among hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Methods: We evaluated 4973 hospitalized patients ≥ 18 years of age tested for COVID-19 from March 11 through April 28, 2020, at two academic hospitals.

Association of Neighborhood Deprivation Index With Success in Cancer Care Crowdfunding.

Importance: Financial toxicity resulting from cancer care poses a substantial public health concern, leading some patients to turn to online crowdfunding. However, the practice may exacerbate existing socioeconomic cancer disparities by privileging those with access to interpersonal wealth and digital media literacy.

Objective: To test the hypotheses that higher county-level socioeconomic status and the presence (vs absence) of text indicators of beneficiary worth in campaign descriptions are associated with amount raised from cancer crowdfunding.

Where Have All the Emergencies Gone? The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Obstetric and Gynecologic Procedures and Consults at a New York City Hospital.

Study Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical volume and emergency department (ED) consults across obstetrics-gynecology (OB-GYN) services at a New York City hospital.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary care academic medical center in New York City.

Disease Course and Outcomes of COVID-19 Among Hospitalized Patients With Gastrointestinal Manifestations.

Background & Aims: Our understanding of outcomes and disease time course of COVID-19 in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms remains limited. In this study we characterize the disease course and severity of COVID-19 among hospitalized patients with gastrointestinal manifestations in a large, diverse cohort from the Unites States.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 between March 11 and April 28, 2020 at two affiliated hospitals in New York City.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Biomarker-Guided Treatment for Metastatic Gastric Cancer in the Second-Line Setting.

Background: The 5-year survival rate of patients with metastatic gastric cancer (GC) is only 5%. However, trials have demonstrated promising antitumor activity for targeted therapies/immunotherapies among chemorefractory metastatic GC patients. Pembrolizumab has shown particular efficacy among patients with programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and high microsatellite instability (MSI-H).

Gender differences in prescription opioid use and misuse: Implications for men's health and the opioid epidemic.

The majority of research on gender and the opioid epidemic focuses on women as patients, caregivers, or expectant mothers. However, little research approaches men as gendered subjects, despite their dramatically increased risk of opioid overdose. Accordingly, we examined gender differences in prescription opioid use and misuse with specific attention to implications for men using data from the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

Optimal Timing of Total Gastrectomy to Prevent Diffuse Gastric Cancer in Individuals With Pathogenic Variants in CDH1.

Background & Aims: Carriers of pathogenic variants in CDH1 have a high risk of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). Guidelines recommend prophylactic total gastrectomy (PTG) at age 20-30 years, although there is controversy over the optimal age. We developed a simulation model to analyze the effects of PTG at different ages on quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), cancer mortality, and life expectancy.