Depressive symptoms and weight change in inpatients with anorexia nervosa: A cross-lagged panel model.

Objective: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is marked by a high rate of comorbid depression, which raises the question whether depressive symptoms may adversely affect treatment outcome. Thus, we examined whether depressive symptoms at admission would predict weight change from admission to discharge in a large sample of inpatients with AN. In addition, we also explored the reverse direction, that is, whether body mass index (BMI) at admission would predict changes in depressive symptoms.

Comparing illness duration and age as predictors of treatment outcome in female inpatients with anorexia nervosa.

It has been widely assumed that longer illness duration predicts poorer treatment outcome in persons with anorexia nervosa (AN). However, studies on the prognostic effects of illness duration have produced mixed results. Thus, the aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between illness duration and short-term treatment outcome in a large sample of female inpatients with AN ( = 902, aged 12-73 years).

Inpatient psychotherapy for depression in a large routine clinical care sample: A Bayesian approach to examining clinical outcomes and predictors of change.

Background: A routinely collected dataset was analyzed (1) to determine the naturalistic effectiveness of inpatient psychotherapy for depression in routine psychotherapeutic care, and (2) to identify potential predictors of change.

Methods: In a sample of 22,681 inpatients with depression, pre-post and pre-follow-up effect sizes were computed for various outcome variables. To build a probabilistic model of predictors of change, an independent component analysis generated components from demographic and clinical data, and Bayesian EFA extracted factors from the available pre-test, post-test and follow-up questionnaires in a subsample (N = 6377).

Implicit approach-avoidance tendencies toward food and body stimuli absent in individuals with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and healthy controls.

Objective: Body and food-related information are thought to activate cognitive biases and contribute to the maintenance of eating disorders (ED). Approach-avoidance biases may play an important role in the maintenance of dietary restriction and excessive food intake. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine approach-avoidance biases toward food and body stimuli in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and healthy controls (HC).

Effects of interval-based inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa: An observational study.

Objective: After inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN), many patients relapse and need to be readmitted. To obtain a sustained improvement, a pre-planned multistep inpatient procedure might help to improve the patient's skills in dealing with symptoms and transdiagnostic problems, thus decreasing symptoms of AN. However, no data have been reported for such interval treatment yet.

Drawing the borderline: Predicting treatment outcomes in patients with borderline personality disorder.

Background: A routinely collected big data set was analyzed to determine the effectiveness of naturalistic inpatient treatment and to identify predictors of treatment outcome and discontinuation.

Methods: The sample included 878 patients with borderline personality disorder who received non-manualized dialectic behavioral therapy in a psychosomatic clinic. Effect sizes (Hedge's g) were calculated to determine effectiveness.

Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in Anorexia Nervosa: A pilot study on conditioned learning and instrumental responding to low- and high-calorie food stimuli.

Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by persistent restraint eating despite severe negative consequences and often a chronic course of the disease. Recent theoretical models suggest that abnormalities in reward processing and incentive salience of disorder-compatible stimuli as observed in addictive behaviours contribute to the development and maintenance of Anorexia Nervosa. The aim of the present study was to investigate the process of the acquisition of food-related conditioned responses and the influence of conditioned low-calorie and high-calorie food stimuli on instrumental responding for different foods.

[Pathways to Care and Duration of Untreated Illness of Inpatients with Anorexia and Bulimia nervosa].

Objective: The study aimed to investigate pathways to care and duration of untreated illness of inpatients with eating disorders.

Methods: 206 patients were assessed using a self-developed questionnaire.

Results: On average, the delay between the onset of the eating disorder and treatment initiation was up to five years.

Virtual reality jogging as a novel exposure paradigm for the acute urge to be physically active in patients with eating disorders: Implications for treatment.

The acute urge to be physically active is a relevant clinical phenomenon in patients suffering from eating disorders. In this study with n = 20 female patients with anorexia nervosa and n = 10 female patients with bulimia nervosa, a virtual reality (VR) jogging paradigm was applied as a novel highly immersive 3D exposure paradigm. Patients were asked to rate their acute urge to be physically active during the exposure procedure.

Explicit and implicit approach vs. avoidance tendencies towards high vs. low calorie food cues in patients with anorexia nervosa and healthy controls.

Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) have a strong ability to limit food intake. Thus, dysfunctional approach vs. avoidance behaviors towards food are evident in AN.

The Heterogeneity of Illness Behaviors in Patients with Medically Unexplained Physical Symptoms.

Purpose: To investigate the heterogeneity of illness behavior in patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS), we clustered patients in regard to their degree of engaging in different aspects of illness behavior and identified related variables with these behaviors.

Method: A sample of N = 224 patients attending treatment in primary care with a history of MUPS (at least two symptoms) was investigated by analyzing different aspects of illness behavior with the self-reported number of doctor visits during the last 6 months and the Scale for the Assessment of Illness Behavior (SAIB; e.g.

Body image, emotions and thought control strategies in body dysmorphic disorder compared to eating disorders and healthy controls.

Objective: A disordered body image, emotions such as shame and disgust, and intrusive thoughts are described as important and interdependent features of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). However, research in this field is scarce and knowledge is often based on clinical observation.

Methods: The present study examined body image dimensions, emotions, and thought control strategies in individuals with: BDD (n=31), anorexia nervosa (n=32), bulimia nervosa (n=34), and healthy controls (n=33).

Patients with medically unexplained symptoms and their significant others: illness attributions and behaviors as predictors of patient functioning over time.

Objective: Previous research suggests that medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) are maintained in an interpersonal context. The current study examined MUS concurrently and prospectively by measuring specific interpersonal predictors of symptom severity and health care use.

Methods: A total of 127 patients with MUS and their significant others were recruited through primary care offices and assessed with self-report questionnaires and structured interviews about illness attributions, illness behavior and responses, relationship quality, symptom severity, and health care use at baseline and 6-month follow-up.

A consultation with genetic information about obesity decreases self-blame about eating and leads to realistic weight loss goals in obese individuals.

Objective: This study tested the effects of a consultation using genetic information about obesity on attitudes relating to weight loss goals, self-blame about eating, and weight-related coping in obese individuals. Furthermore, the study sought to explore possible predictors for weight gain/loss.

Method: A total of 411 obese individuals were randomly assigned to two standardized consultations, with and without genetic information about obesity, and a control group without any intervention.

Who copes well? Obesity-related coping and its associations with shame, guilt, and weight loss.

The relationship among weight-related coping, guilt, and shame was investigated in a sample of 98 obese German individuals over a 6-month period. In terms of the objectives, the study explored the kind and frequency of typical coping situations in which obese individuals become aware of being obese. Furthermore, the study sought to determine the predictive utility of weight-related shame and guilt concerning coping responses, and to establish whether there is an association between coping responses and weight change.

Is information on genetic determinants of obesity helpful or harmful for obese people?--A randomized clinical trial.

Background And Objectives: Although more and more genetic information is available, it is unclear whether this information is helpful for patients. Therefore, we assessed the positive and negative effects of informing obese people about the genetic etiology of being overweight.

Design, Participants: Two hundred ninety-four obese people were randomized to 2 interventions (a 1-session consultation for obese people on how to manage obesity either including genetic information or not); their results were compared to a control group (116).

A one-session treatment for patients suffering from medically unexplained symptoms in primary care: a randomized clinical trial.

The aim of the study was to evaluate a one-session cognitive-behavior treatment (CBT) versus standard medical care for 140 primary-care patients with multiple somatoform symptoms. DSM-IV diagnoses were assessed with structured interviews. Primary outcome variables were healthcare utilization, number, and severity of somatoform symptoms, and secondary outcome measures were psychopathology dimensions.

Development of the Weight- and Body-Related Shame and Guilt scale (WEB-SG) in a nonclinical sample of obese individuals.

In this article, we present the evaluation of the psychometric properties of a new self-report measure of Weight- and Body-Related Shame and Guilt (WEB-SG). The main purpose of the study was to measure shame and guilt feelings separately in obese individuals and investigate differing behavioral and emotional correlates of these emotions. Altogether, 331 obese participants completed the WEB-SG and other established self-report measures.

Evaluation of general practitioners' training: how to manage patients with unexplained physical symptoms.

Patients with unexplained physical symptoms ("somatoform disorders") tend to overuse the healthcare system. Therefore, the authors aimed to assess whether a training session for general practitioners (GPs) on managing patients with unexplained physical symptoms would be acceptable to GPs and lead to improvements in patient care. In a randomized clinical trial (GPs randomized), GPs got a 1-day training session and additional materials.

What determines well-being in obesity? Associations with BMI, social skills, and social support.

Objective: Theory and research suggest that the stigma associated with obesity has an impact on the development of social skills and social relationships which may be related to subjective well-being. The main objective was to clarify the associations between BMI (kg/m2), social skills, social support and subjective well-being in a sample of obese subjects.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of 226 obese adults (75 females and 151 males) from the general population between the ages of 19 and 74 [mean (SD), 46.