Does insulin pump therapy offer benefits for behaviour, mood, cognition and HbA1c in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes? A randomised controlled trial with observational follow-up.

Aims: Improved behaviour, mood, cognition and HbA1c have been reported with short-term use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We sought to re-examine these findings in a randomised controlled trial (RCT), with longitudinal follow-up.

Methods: RCT of youth aged 7-15 years with T1D, at two tertiary paediatric centres.

The effect of type 1 diabetes on the developing brain.

The effect of type 1 diabetes on the developing brain is a topic of primary research interest. A variety of potential dysglycaemic insults to the brain can cause cellular and structural injury and lead to altered neuropsychological outcomes. These outcomes might be subtle in terms of cognition but appear to persist into adult life.

Evolution of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Parents of Very Preterm Infants During the Newborn Period.

Importance: Mothers experience heightened depression and anxiety following very preterm (VPT) birth, but how these symptoms evolve during the first months after birth is unknown. Research on the psychological adjustment of fathers following VPT birth is limited.

Objectives: To describe the trajectory and predictors of distress in parents of VPT infants during the first 12 weeks after birth, and to compare rates of depression and anxiety in parents of VPT infants with those in parents of healthy full-term (FT) infants shortly after birth and at 6 months' postnatal age.

Neonatal brain abnormalities associated with autism spectrum disorder in children born very preterm.

Very preterm (VP) survivors are at increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with term-born children. This study explored whether neonatal magnetic resonance (MR) brain features differed in VP children with and without ASD at 7 years. One hundred and seventy-two VP children (<30 weeks' gestation or <1250 g birth weight) underwent structural brain MR scans at term equivalent age (TEA; 40 weeks' gestation ±2 weeks) and were assessed for ASD at 7 years of age.

Diabetic ketoacidosis and electroencephalographic changes in newly diagnosed pediatric patients.

Objective: To document electroencephalogram (EEG) changes and their correlation with clinical parameters in a newly diagnosed pediatric cohort of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients with and without diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and to define their medium term utility and significance.

Research Design And Methods: Prospective longitudinal study of children presenting with T1DM. EEGs were performed within 24 h of diagnosis, day 5, and at 6 months post-diagnosis and reviewed by a neurologist blinded to clinical status.

Risk factors for decline in IQ in youth with type 1 diabetes over the 12 years from diagnosis/illness onset.

Objective: This study examined illness-related change in intelligence quotient (IQ) in a cohort of youth with type 1 diabetes studied prospectively from disease onset in childhood to follow-up 12 years later in late adolescence/early adulthood.

Research Design And Methods: Participants included type 1 diabetes patients (n = 95; mean age at follow-up 21.3 years) and healthy control participants (HCs; n = 67; mean age at follow-up 21.

A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy to improve glycaemic control and psychosocial wellbeing in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

We evaluated a cognitive behaviour therapy-based programme to improve glycaemic control and psychosocial wellbeing in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. A total of 147 adolescents aged 13-16 years were randomized to the intervention (n = 73) or standard care (n = 74). The primary outcome was glycaemic control at 3 and 12 months post randomization, and secondary measures were stress, self-efficacy and quality of life.

Neurological consequences of diabetic ketoacidosis at initial presentation of type 1 diabetes in a prospective cohort study of children.

Objective: To investigate the impact of new-onset diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) during childhood on brain morphology and function.

Research Design And Methods: Patients aged 6-18 years with and without DKA at diagnosis were studied at four time points: <48 h, 5 days, 28 days, and 6 months postdiagnosis. Patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy with cognitive assessment at each time point.

Early mother-infant relationships after cardiac surgery in infancy.

Objective: The critical importance of a secure mother-infant attachment relationship for long-term physical and mental health of the child is well established. Our study aim was to explore mothers' subjective experience of the mother-infant relationship after discharge from hospital following neonatal cardiac surgery.

Design: Participants were 97 infants who underwent cardiac surgery before the age of 3 months and their mothers.

Improving mental health of adolescents with Type 1 diabetes: protocol for a randomized controlled trial of the Nothing Ventured Nothing Gained online adolescent and parenting support intervention.

Background: Management of Type 1 diabetes comes with substantial personal and psychological demands particularly during adolescence, placing young people at significant risk for mental health problems. Supportive parenting can mitigate these risks, however the challenges associated with parenting a child with a chronic illness can interfere with a parent's capacity to parent effectively. Interventions that provide support for both the adolescent and their parents are needed to prevent mental health problems in adolescents; to support positive parent-adolescent relationships; and to empower young people to better self-manage their illness.

Trauma reactions in mothers and fathers after their infant's cardiac surgery.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and nature of trauma symptoms in mothers and fathers of infants who had cardiac surgery.

Method: Parents of infants who underwent cardiac surgery before 3 months of age were recruited at the time of surgery. 77 mothers and 55 fathers completed the Acute Stress Disorder Scale 1 month after their infant was discharged from hospital.

Infant cardiac surgery and the father-infant relationship: feelings of strength, strain, and caution.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the father-infant relationship in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD).

Method: Sixty-three fathers whose infants had cardiac surgery before 3 months of age reported on their attachment relationship with their infant within two months of hospital discharge using both qualitative and quantitative methods.

Results: Mean scores on the Paternal Postnatal Attachment Scale and scores for patience and tolerance were not different from previously published community norms, ps>.

Adolescents with type 1 diabetes: parental perceptions of child health and family functioning and their relationship to adolescent metabolic control.

Background: Adolescents with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) show less effective metabolic control than other age groups, partly because of biological changes beyond their control and partly because in this period of developmental transition, psychosocial factors can militate against young people upholding their lifestyle and medical regimens. Parents have an important role to play in supporting adolescents to self-manage their disease, but resultant family tensions can be high. In this study, we aimed to assess family functioning and adolescent behaviour/ adjustment and examine the relationships between these parent-reported variables and adolescent metabolic control (HbA1c), self-reported health and diabetes self-care.

Clinical utility of mental state screening as a predictor of intellectual outcomes 6 months after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.

Background: Screening tests of basic cognitive status or 'mental state' have been shown to predict mortality and functional outcomes in adults. This study examined the relationship between mental state and outcomes in children with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: We aimed to determine whether mental state at diagnosis predicts longer term cognitive function of children with a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.

Can the home environment promote resilience for children born very preterm in the context of social and medical risk?

Relationships between the home environment and early developmental outcomes were examined in 166 children born very preterm in one tertiary maternity hospital to explore whether a more optimal home environment could promote resilience. In particular, we explored whether this effect was apparent over and above social risk and children's biological risk, as measured by cerebral white matter abnormality (WMA) evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term-corrected age and length of hospital stay (LOS), and whether the effect of the home environment differed according to WMA. The home environment and social-emotional outcomes were assessed at 2years' corrected age using the Home Screening Questionnaire (HSQ) and the Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA).

Age-related loss of brain volume and T2 relaxation time in youth with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: 2 Childhood-onset type 1 diabetes is associated with neurocognitive deficits, but there is limited evidence to date regarding associated neuroanatomical brain changes and their relationship to illness variables such as age at disease onset. This report examines age-related changes in volume and T2 relaxation time (a fundamental parameter of magnetic resonance imaging that reflects tissue health) across the whole brain.

Research Design And Methods: Type 1 diabetes, N = 79 (mean age 20.

Adult psychiatric outcomes of very low birth weight survivors.

Background: Childhood studies have identified relationships between low birth weight and a variety of psychological disorders. However, very few studies have prospectively followed VLBW survivors into adulthood and none have examined adult psychiatric disorders in this population.

Objective: This exploratory study sought to determine the rates and nature of psychiatric disorders in very low birth weight (VLBW, birth weight < 1500 g) adults.

Psychosocial well-being and functional outcomes in youth with type 1 diabetes 12 years after disease onset.

Objective: Type 1 diabetes in youth and community controls were compared on functional outcomes. Relationships were examined between psychosocial variables at diagnosis and functional outcome 12 years later.

Research Design And Methods: Participants were subjects with type 1 diabetes (n = 110, mean age 20.

Neuropsychological profiles of young people with type 1 diabetes 12 yr after disease onset.

Background: Lowered neuropsychological performance is evident in youth with type 1 diabetes, although evidence for associations with specific illness variables is inconsistent. This study examined the neuropsychological profiles of a cohort of youth with type 1 diabetes studied prospectively from diagnosis 12 yr previously.

Methods: A total of 106 youth with type 1 diabetes and 75 healthy controls participated.

Central nervous system function in youth with type 1 diabetes 12 years after disease onset.

Objective: In this study, we used neurocognitive assessment and neuroimaging to examine brain function in youth with type 1 diabetes studied prospectively from diagnosis.

Research Design And Methods: We studied type 1 diabetic (n = 106) and control subjects (n = 75) with no significant group difference on IQ at baseline 12 years previously by using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of General Intelligence, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging, and metabolic control data from diagnosis.

Results: Type 1 diabetic subjects had lower verbal and full scale IQs than control subjects (both P < 0.