TP53 mutation and human papilloma virus status as independent prognostic factors in a Norwegian cohort of vulva squamous cell carcinoma.

Introduction: Vulva squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) develops through two separate molecular pathways-one involving high-risk human papilloma virus infection (HPV-associated), and the other without HPV infection (HPV-independent) often involving TP53 mutation. HPV-associated VSCC generally has a better progression-free survival than HPV-independent VSCC. The aim of this study was to determine TP53 mutation status using immunohistochemistry, compare different methods of HPV detection and correlate both with survival in a retrospective cohort of 123 patients with VSCC.

Epithelial PD-L1 expression at tumor front predicts overall survival in a cohort of oral squamous cell carcinomas from Sudan.

Background: We recently described the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) from Sudan by assessing the core of the lesions. However, the invasive tumor front (ITF) is the most active part of OSCC lesions; thus, TIME should also be characterized at the ITF in this patient cohort.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate patterns of immune cell infiltration at the ITF in a cohort of OSCC patients from Sudan previously investigated at the tumor center and their association with clinicopathological parameters.

Analysis of Salivary Mycobiome in a Cohort of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients From Sudan Identifies Higher Salivary Carriage of as an Independent and Favorable Predictor of Overall Survival.

Background: Microbial dysbiosis and microbiome-induced inflammation have emerged as important factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumorigenesis during the last two decades. However, the "rare biosphere" of the oral microbiome, including fungi, has been sparsely investigated. This study aimed to characterize the salivary mycobiome in a prospective Sudanese cohort of OSCC patients and to explore patterns of diversities associated with overall survival (OS).

Characterization of immune cell infiltrate in tumor stroma and epithelial compartments in oral squamous cell carcinomas of Sudanese patients.

Background: Tumor immune infiltrate has been explored in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but studies on simultaneous characterization of multiple immune cell subtypes separately in stromal and intraepithelial tumor compartments are limited.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the immune cell infiltrate in OSCC by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for a panel of inflammatory cells in stromal and epithelial tumor compartments for a better characterization of the tumors.

Methods: Thirty-six OSCC lesions and nine normal oral mucosa (NOM) samples from patients attending Khartoum Dental Teaching Hospital, Sudan were investigated for presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor-associated macrophages, tumor-associated neutrophils, and PD-L1 positive cells in the inflammatory infiltrate by single and double IHC.

Feasibility of a Portable Electronic Nose for Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Sudan.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is increasing at an alarming rate particularly in low-income countries. This urges for research into noninvasive, user-friendly diagnostic tools that can be used in limited-resource settings. This study aims to test and validate the feasibility of e-nose technology for detecting OSCC in the limited-resource settings of the Sudanese population.

Combined In Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemistry on Archival Tissues Reveals Stromal microRNA-204 as Prognostic Biomarker for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Micro-RNAs (miRs) are emerging as important players in carcinogenesis. Their stromal expression has been less investigated in part due to lack of methods to accurately differentiate between tumor compartments. This study aimed to establish a robust method for dual visualization of miR and protein (pan-cytokeratin) by combining chromogen-based in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and to apply it to investigate stromal expression of miR204 as a putative prognostic biomarker in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Tumor budding score predicts lymph node status in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma and should be included in the pathology report.

Background: The majority of oral cavity cancers arise in the oral tongue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of tumor budding in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma, both as a separate variable and in combination with depth of invasion. We also assessed the prognostic impact of the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer's TNM classification (TNM8), where depth of invasion (DOI) supplements diameter in the tumor size (T) categorization.

A combined histo-score based on tumor differentiation and lymphocytic infiltrate is a robust prognostic marker for mobile tongue cancer.

We wanted to evaluate the prognostic value of common histopathological variables in a large cohort of patients with cancer in the mobile tongue as such information can be important for treatment stratification of the individual patient, especially for patients with low-stage disease. In addition, we wanted to investigate whether an alternative scoring model with fewer options would compromise the prognostic value. One hundred fifty patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas that were treated in curative intent and with available HE-stained tumor sections were included.

Grading of oral squamous cell carcinomas - Intra and interrater agreeability: Simpler is better?

Background: Numerous studies have been presented on histological grading of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) for predicting survival, but uncertainty of their usefulness rises due to discordances of results. A scoring system should be robust and well validated, and intra- and interrater agreement can be used as a tool to visualize the strength of reproducibility.

Methods: Here, we present an intra- and inter-observer study on evaluation of OSCC using some of the most common histopathological parameters.

An experimental protocol for the fractionation and 2DE separation of HeLa and A-253 cell lysates suitable for the identification of the individual antigenic proteome in Sjögren's syndrome.

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease affecting exocrine glands, especially the salivary and lacrimal glands. Although most of the SS patients' sera have autoantibodies that can target a variety of antigens, it is not clear what determines which proteins will become autoantigens. The muscarinic receptor M3, an integral plasma membrane protein, has been proposed as a possible autoantigen in SS, and is endogenous in HeLa cells.

Role of B cells in Sjögren's syndrome--from benign lymphoproliferation to overt malignancy.

The classical view of B cell biology is that these cells respond to foreign and self antigens and in this way promote protection, primarily by production of antibodies. However, recent studies suggest that B cells have diverse functions within the immune system other than antibody production, which could contribute to autoimmunity. This involves organization of lymphoid tissue, regulation of dendritic cells, antigen presentation, activation of T cells and production of cytokines.