Towards automation in biologics production via Raman micro-spectroscopy, laser-induced forward cell transfer and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

Mammalian cells have become the predominant expression system for the production of biopharmaceuticals due to their capabilities in posttranslational modifications. In recent years, the efficacy of these production processes has increased significantly through technical improvements. However, the state of the art in the development of producer cell lines includes many manual steps and is as such very time and cost consuming.