The Role of ATG9 Vesicles in Autophagosome Biogenesis.

Autophagy mediates the degradation and recycling of cellular material in the lysosomal system. Dysfunctional autophagy is associated with a plethora of diseases including uncontrolled infections, cancer and neurodegeneration. In macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) this material is encapsulated in double membrane vesicles, the autophagosomes, which form upon induction of autophagy.

Damaged mitochondria recruit the effector NEMO to activate NF-κB signaling.

Failure to clear damaged mitochondria via mitophagy disrupts physiological function and may initiate damage signaling via inflammatory cascades, although how these pathways intersect remains unclear. We discovered that nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) essential regulator NF-κB effector molecule (NEMO) is recruited to damaged mitochondria in a Parkin-dependent manner in a time course similar to recruitment of the structurally related mitophagy adaptor, optineurin (OPTN). Upon recruitment, NEMO partitions into phase-separated condensates distinct from OPTN but colocalizing with p62/SQSTM1.

Correction: A modified TurboID approach identifies tissue-specific centriolar components in C. elegans.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.

A modified TurboID approach identifies tissue-specific centriolar components in C. elegans.

Proximity-dependent labeling approaches such as BioID have been a great boon to studies of protein-protein interactions in the context of cytoskeletal structures such as centrosomes which are poorly amenable to traditional biochemical approaches like immunoprecipitation and tandem affinity purification. Yet, these methods have so far not been applied extensively to invertebrate experimental models such as C. elegans given the long labeling times required for the original promiscuous biotin ligase variant BirA*.

[COVID-19 protective measures in nursing homes: Between autonomy and care - Results of an interview study].

Definition Of The Problem: This interview study investigated ethical issues in long-term care facilities from the perspective of caregivers during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Due to the explorative as well as descriptive methodological approach, interview data are available and can be assigned to four central topics, which reveal a complex and sometimes conflictual reality of work and life in long-term care during the pandemic. On the one hand, the protective measures taken by the state and the institutions, as well as the resulting restrictions on the personal freedom of the residents are critically reflected and the degree of self-determination of the residents of nursing homes in the pandemic is questioned.

An acentriolar centrosome at the C. elegans ciliary base.

In animal cells, the functions of the microtubule cytoskeleton are coordinated by centriole-based centrosomes via γ-tubulin complexes embedded in the pericentriolar material or PCM. PCM assembly has been best studied in the context of mitosis, where centriolar SPD-2 recruits PLK-1, which in turn phosphorylates key scaffolding components like SPD-5 and CNN to promote expansion of the PCM polymer. To what extent these mechanisms apply to centrosomes in interphase or in differentiated cells remains unclear.

The Transmembrane Protein Semi1 Positions Gamete Nuclei for Reciprocal Fertilization in Tetrahymena.

During sexual reproduction in the ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila, cells of complementary mating type pair ("conjugate") undergo simultaneous meiosis and fertilize each other. In both mating partners only one of the four meiotic products is "selected" to escape autophagy, and this nucleus divides mitotically to produce two pronuclei. The migrating pronucleus of one cell translocates to the mating partner and fuses with its stationary pronucleus and vice versa.

The Inter-Rater Reliability of the Observation Instrument for Assessing Pain in Elderly With Dementia: An Investigation in the Long-Term Care Setting.

Background And Purpose: The Observation Instrument for Assessing Pain in Elderly With Dementia (BISAD) was developed in Germany. The instrument demonstrated high inter-rater reliability values for the original French version. So far, there are no results to that effect in the Austrian long-term care setting available.