Use of human derived liver cells for the detection of genotoxins in comet assays.

One of the problems of in vitro genotoxicity testing is the inadequate representation of drug metabolizing enzymes in indicator cells which are currently used. An alternative are human derived liver cell lines which retained the activities of enzymes that catalyze the activation and detoxification of genotoxins. Several cell lines were identified which were used in comet experiments.

Gallic acid, a common dietary phenolic protects against high fat diet induced DNA damage.

Purpose: Aim of the study was to find out if gallic acid (GA), a common phenolic in plant foods, prevents obesity induced DNA damage which plays a key role in the induction of overweight associated cancer.

Methods: Male and female C57BL6/J mice were fed with a low fat or a high fat diet (HFD). The HFD group received different doses GA (0, 2.

Use of HuH6 and other human-derived hepatoma lines for the detection of genotoxins: a new hope for laboratory animals?

Cell lines which are currently used in genotoxicity tests lack enzymes which activate/detoxify mutagens. Therefore, rodent-derived liver preparations are used which reflect their metabolism in humans only partly; as a consequence misleading results are often obtained. Previous findings suggest that certain liver cell lines express phase I/II enzymes and detect promutagens without activation; however, their use is hampered by different shortcomings.

Investigations of the genotoxic properties of two synthetic cathinones (3-MMC, 4-MEC) which are used as psychoactive drugs.

Synthetic cathinones (SCAs) are consumed worldwide as psychostimulants and are increasingly marketed as surrogates of classical illicit drugs the internet. The genotoxic properties of most of these drugs have not been investigated. Results of earlier studies show that amphetamines which are structurally closely related to these compounds cause damage to the genetic material.

Xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid contained in beer, prevents the induction of preneoplastic lesions and DNA damage in liver and colon induced by the heterocyclic aromatic amine amino-3-methyl-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ).

Xanthohumol (XN) is a hop derived prenylated flavonoid contained in beer. Earlier findings indicated that it has promising chemopreventive properties and protects cells against DNA damage by carcinogens via inhibition of their activation. Furthermore, it was found that XN inhibits DNA synthesis and proliferation of cancer cells in vitro, inactivates oxygen radicals and induces apoptosis.

Effects of coffee and its chemopreventive components kahweol and cafestol on cytochrome P450 and sulfotransferase in rat liver.

Coffee drinking appears to reduce cancer risk in liver and colon. Such chemoprevention may be caused by the diterpenes kahweol and cafestol (K/C) contained in unfiltered beverage. In animals, K/C treatment inhibited the mutagenicity/tumorigenicity of several carcinogens, likely explicable by beneficial modifications of xenobiotic metabolism, particularly by stimulation of carcinogen-detoxifying phase II mechanisms.