3D geometric morphometric analysis of the distal radius insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments indicates a relationship between wrist anatomy and unique locomotor behavior in hylobatids.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to explore the anatomical differences in the insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments between hylobatids and other hominoids that may be related to their different locomotor behaviors.

Materials And Methods: The morphology of the insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments was analyzed with three-dimensional geometric morphometrics (3D GM) in the distal radial epiphysis of 44 hylobatids, 25 Pan, 31 Gorilla and 15 Pongo.

Results: Relative to other hominoids, hylobatid insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments were relatively larger and the insertion site of the short radiolunate ligament had a palmar orientation.

Elbow Extensor Muscles in Humans and Chimpanzees: Adaptations to Different Uses of the Upper Extremity in Hominoid Primates.

The anatomical and functional characteristics of the elbow extensor muscles (triceps brachii and anconeus) have not been widely studied in non-human hominoid primates, despite their great functional importance. In the present study, we have analyzed the muscle architecture and the expression of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms in the elbow extensors in humans and chimpanzees. Our main objective was to identify differences in these muscles that could be related to the different uses of the upper extremity in the two species.

Age-related tooth wear in African rainforest hunter-gatherers.

Objectives: Central African small-scale foragers subsist primarily on hunting game activities and wild plant-food gathering. Starch-rich tubers are underground storage organs (USOs) and staple food resources in savanna and tropical rainforests. However, little is known about the effect of USO consumption on tooth wear development in living hunter-gatherers.