Preterm Infant Outcomes after Randomization to Initial Resuscitation with FiO 0.21 or 1.0.

Objective: To determine rates of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 2 years corrected age (primary outcome) in children <32 weeks' gestation randomized to initial resuscitation with a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO) value of 0.21 or 1.0.

Targeted Oxygen in the Resuscitation of Preterm Infants, a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background And Objectives: Lower concentrations of oxygen (O) (≤30%) are recommended for preterm resuscitation to avoid oxidative injury and cerebral ischemia. Effects on long-term outcomes are uncertain. We aimed to determine the effects of using room air (RA) or 100% O on the combined risk of death and disability at 2 years in infants <32 weeks' gestation.

Clinicians in 25 countries prefer to use lower levels of oxygen to resuscitate preterm infants at birth.

Aim: This study determined current international clinical practice and opinions regarding initial fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2 ) and pulse oximetry (SpO2 ) targets for delivery room resuscitation of preterm infants of less than 29 weeks of gestation.

Methods: An online survey was disseminated to neonatal clinicians via established professional clinical networks using a web-based survey programme between March 9 and June 30, 2015.

Results: Of the 630 responses from 25 countries, 60% were from neonatologists.