Gepotidacin is efficacious in a nonhuman primate model of pneumonic plague.

Gepotidacin is a first-in-class triazaacenaphthylene antibacterial agent that selectively inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV through a unique binding mode and has the potential to treat a number of bacterial diseases. Development of this new agent to treat pneumonic plague caused by depends on the U.S.

The invasive pathogen Yersinia pestis disrupts host blood vasculature to spread and provoke hemorrhages.

Yersinia pestis is a powerful pathogen with a rare invasive capacity. After a flea bite, the plague bacillus can reach the bloodstream in a matter of days giving way to invade the whole organism reaching all organs and provoking disseminated hemorrhages. However, the mechanisms used by this bacterium to cross and disrupt the endothelial vascular barrier remain poorly understood.

Coding-Complete Genome Sequence and Phylogenetic Relatedness of a SARS-CoV-2 Strain Detected in March 2020 in Cameroon.

We describe the coding-complete genome sequence of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain obtained in Cameroon from a 58-year-old French patient who arrived from France on 24 February 2020. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this virus, named hCoV-19/Cameroon/1958-CMR-YAO/2020, belongs to lineage B.1.

Short- and long-term humoral immune response against Yersinia pestis in plague patients, Madagascar.

Background: Plague, a fatal disease caused by the bacillus, Yersinia pestis, still affects resources-limited countries. Information on antibody response to plague infection in human is scarce. Anti-F1 Ig G are among the known protective antibodies against Y.

Subcutaneous vaccination with a live attenuated Yersinia pseudotuberculosis plague vaccine.

A single oral inoculation to mice of the live attenuated Yersinia pseudotuberculosis VTnF1 strain producing an F1 pseudocapsule protects against bubonic and pneumonic plague. However oral vaccination can fail in humans exposed to frequent intestinal infections. We evaluated in mice the efficacy of subcutaneous vaccine injection as an alternative way to induce protective immunity, while reducing the dose and avoiding strain release in nature.

Genus-wide core-genome multilocus sequence typing for species identification and strain characterization.

The genus comprises species that differ widely in their pathogenic potential and public-health significance. is responsible for plague, while is a prominent enteropathogen. Strains within some species, including also vary in their pathogenic properties.

Real-Time Monitoring of Yersinia pestis Promoter Activity by Bioluminescence Imaging.

Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) has become a major strategy for real-time analysis of dynamic biological processes. In particular, bioluminescent reporter microorganisms have been designed to advance our understanding of infectious diseases. Non-invasive monitoring of light-emitting pathogenic bacteria has revealed novel features of pathogenesis and enabled quantitative and qualitative analysis of antibacterial therapies.

Quantification of low abundance Yersinia pestis markers in dried blood spots by immuno-capture and quantitative high-resolution targeted mass spectrometry.

Plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, is still present in several countries worldwide. Besides, Y. pestis has been designated as Tier 1 agent, the highest rank of bioterrorism agents.

Monkeypox virus phylogenetic similarities between a human case detected in Cameroon in 2018 and the 2017-2018 outbreak in Nigeria.

A monkeypox virus was detected from a human clinical case in 2018 in Cameroon; a country where no human cases were reported since 1989. The virus exhibited close genetic relatedness with another monkeypox virus isolated in Nigeria during the 2017-2018 outbreak. Although our molecular findings argue in favor of an extension of the monkeypox outbreak from Nigeria into Cameroon, the possibility that the monkeypox virus detected could be indigenous to Cameroon cannot be ruled out.

Humoral and cellular immune correlates of protection against bubonic plague by a live Yersinia pseudotuberculosis vaccine.

Immunization with the live-attenuated Yersinia pseudotuberculosis VTnF1 strain producing a Yersinia pestis F1 pseudocapsule efficiently protects mice against bubonic and pneumonic plague. In clinical trials, demonstration of a plague vaccine's efficacy in humans will not be feasible, and correlates of protection will be needed to bridge the immune response of protected animals to that of vaccinated humans. Using serum transfer and vaccination of antibody-deficient µMT mice, we established that both humoral and cellular responses elicited by VTnF1 independently conferred protection against bubonic plague.

Migratory birds along the Mediterranean - Black Sea Flyway as carriers of zoonotic pathogens.

At the crossroad between Europe, Asia, and Africa, Bulgaria is part of the Mediterranean - Black Sea Flyway (MBSF) used by millions of migratory birds. In this study, bird species migrating through Bulgaria were investigated as carriers of zoonotic pathogens. In total, 706 birds belonging to 46 species were checked for the presence of various bacterial pathogens (Campylobacter, Yersinia, Salmonella, Listeria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Francisella tularensis, Coxiella burnetii, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Brucella spp.

The Asian house shrew Suncus murinus as a reservoir and source of human outbreaks of plague in Madagascar.

Identifying key reservoirs for zoonoses is crucial for understanding variation in incidence. Plague re-emerged in Mahajanga, Madagascar in the 1990s but there has been no confirmed case since 1999. Here we combine ecological and genetic data, from during and after the epidemics, with experimental infections to examine the role of the shrew Suncus murinus in the plague epidemiological cycle.

Plasmid-mediated doxycycline resistance in a Yersinia pestis strain isolated from a rat.

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Yersinia pestis strains represents a public health concern. Two antibiotic-resistant Y. pestis strains isolated from Madagascar have been previously identified and characterised.

Enhanced Macrophage M1 Polarization and Resistance to Apoptosis Enable Resistance to Plague.

Background: Susceptibility to infection is in part genetically driven, and C57BL/6 mice resist various pathogens through the proinflammatory response of their M1 macrophages (MPs). However, they are susceptible to plague. It has been reported elsewhere that Mus spretus SEG mice resist plague and develop an immune response characterized by a strong recruitment of MPs.

Molecular bases for multidrug resistance in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.

The enteropathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis causes gastrointestinal infections in humans. Although this species is usually susceptible to antibiotics active against Gram-negative bacteria, we identified three multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis that were isolated from the environment in Russia and from a patient in France.

Detection of Yersinia pestis in Complex Matrices by Intact Cell Immunocapture and Targeted Mass Spectrometry.

We describe an immunoaffinity-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (immuno-LC-MS/MS) protocol for the direct (i.e., without prior culture), sensitive and specific detection of Yersinia pestis in complex matrices.

A Field Study of Plague and Tularemia in Rodents, Western Iran.

Introduction: Kurdistan Province in Iran is a historical focus for plague and tularemia. This study aimed at assessing the current status of these two foci by studying their rodent reservoirs.

Materials And Methods: Rodents were trapped and their ectoparasites were collected.

Yersinia enterocolitica, a Neglected Cause of Human Enteric Infections in Côte d'Ivoire.

Background: Enteropathogenic Yersinia circulate in the pig reservoir and are the third bacterial cause of human gastrointestinal infections in Europe. In West Africa, reports of human yersiniosis are rare. This study was conducted to determine whether pathogenic Yersinia are circulating in pig farms and are responsible for human infections in the Abidjan District.

Oral vaccination against plague using Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.

Yersinia pestis, the agent of plague, is among the deadliest bacterial pathogens affecting humans, and is a potential biological weapon. Because antibiotic resistant strains of Yersinia pestis have been observed or could be engineered for evil use, vaccination against plague might become the only means to reduce mortality. Although plague is re-emerging in many countries, a vaccine with worldwide license is currently lacking.

[The resurgence of the plague].

Plague was one of the most devastating diseases of human history until vaccination and antibiotic therapy considerably reduced the number of cases. Nowadays plague tends to be considered a disease of ancient times. However the disease has never disappeared and persists in its animal reservoir.

Yersiniosis in France: overview and potential sources of infection.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to exploit the extensive database on strains of Yersinia collected over more than 50 years in France in order to gain an overview of yersiniosis and potential sources of contamination in this country.

Methods: The 19 670 strains of Yersinia of human, animal, environmental, and food origin isolated in France were grouped by species, biotype, and serotype.

Results: Most human strains (59%) were pathogenic, with a marked predominance of Yersinia enterocolitica bioserotype 4/O:3 (66.

Dissociation of Tissue Destruction and Bacterial Expansion during Bubonic Plague.

Activation and/or recruitment of the host plasmin, a fibrinolytic enzyme also active on extracellular matrix components, is a common invasive strategy of bacterial pathogens. Yersinia pestis, the bubonic plague agent, expresses the multifunctional surface protease Pla, which activates plasmin and inactivates fibrinolysis inhibitors. Pla is encoded by the pPla plasmid.

Complete Protection against Pneumonic and Bubonic Plague after a Single Oral Vaccination.

Background: No efficient vaccine against plague is currently available. We previously showed that a genetically attenuated Yersinia pseudotuberculosis producing the Yersinia pestis F1 antigen was an efficient live oral vaccine against pneumonic plague. This candidate vaccine however failed to confer full protection against bubonic plague and did not produce F1 stably.

Investigation of an unusual increase in human yersinioses in Creuse, France.

Objectives: To investigate an unusual cluster of Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3/VIII human infections that occurred in Creuse (France) during the summer 2008, and to perform retrospective and prospective analyses of yersiniosis cases to get a better view of the general trend.

Methods: 33 pathogenic Y.