Salivary calprotectin and neutrophils in inflammatory bowel disease in relation to oral diseases.

Objective: Calprotectin is elevated in saliva from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, but it is also affected by oral disease. We assessed the salivary concentration of calprotectin in IBD patients, in relation to intestinal and oral diseases. Furthermore, we investigated the phenotype of salivary neutrophils from IBD patients, and their ability to secrete calprotectin.

Immune cell composition and inflammatory profile of human peri-implantitis and periodontitis lesions.

Peri-implantitis (PI) and periodontitis (PD) are common oral inflammatory diseases, which seem to exhibit critical differences in some of their molecular features. Thus, we assessed the immune cell composition of PI and PD lesions and the corresponding inflammatory profile in soft tissues and crevicular fluid. PI, PD, and control patients were recruited (n = 62), and soft tissue biopsies were collected during surgery.

Association of salivary TREM-1 and PGLYRP1 inflammatory markers with non-communicable diseases.

Aim: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) and peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) are elevated in biofluids in the presence of various inflammatory conditions. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the effect of age, sex, smoking and different oral and systemic non-communicable diseases on the levels of TREM-1 and PGLYRP1 in saliva.

Materials And Methods: In total, 445 individuals (mean age 48.

Inflammatory markers in saliva and urine reflect disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: Laboratory tests of blood and sometimes urine are used to diagnose and to monitor disease activity (DA) in SLE. Clinical practice would be simplified if non-invasive urine and salivary tests could be introduced as alternatives to blood samples. We therefore explored the levels of innate immunity-related biomarkers in matched serum, urine and saliva samples from patients with SLE.

Impact of chronic gingivitis management on the cytokine and anti-PPAD expressions in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: A six-month follow-up.

Objective: To evaluate how chronic gingivitis treatment impacts the oral and circulating cytokine expressions after six-month follow-up in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) and also to evaluate the circulating expression of anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidylarginine deiminase antibodies (anti-PPAD) before and after treatment.

Background: Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients present a worse periodontal condition associated with higher gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferon-γ and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-one adolescents with jSLE (mean age: 16.

Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor blockade attenuates inflammation in inflamed gingival tissue explants.

Background And Objective: Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) regulates myeloid cell function and mediates osteoclastogenesis. CSF-1R blockade has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target to halt inflammation and bone resorption; however, the expression and function of CSF-1R in human gingiva is yet unknown.

Methods: Gingival tissue was collected from 22 non-periodontitis controls and 31 periodontitis (PD) patients.

Periodontitis is associated to increased systemic inflammation in postmyocardial infarction patients.

Objective: Periodontitis has been independently associated to cardiovascular disease. However, the biological mechanisms underlying such association are still partially unknown. Thus, this study aimed to discover immunological clues accounting for the increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients having periodontitis.

Peri-implant treatment reduces the salivary levels of Colony stimulator factor-1 and S100A8/A9.

This study evaluated the impact of peri-implant treatment in the salivary levels of Colony stimulator factor -1 (CSF-1), S100A8/A9 and S100A12 in patients having mucositis or peri-implantitis. As a secondary aim, we analysed the correlation between the salivary and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) levels. Forty-seven patient, 27 having mucositis (mean age 63.

Adjunctive Antiseptic Irrigation of Periodontal Pockets: Effects on Microbial and Cytokine Profiles.

To evaluate the effect of adjunctive antiseptic irrigation of periodontal pockets on microbial and cytokine profiles. Fifty-nine patients with severe periodontitis were allocated to one of three groups for scaling and root planing facilitated with different adjunctive antiseptics: 1% polyhexamethyleneguanidine phosphate (PHMG-P) (n = 19), 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) (n = 21) or distilled water (n = 19).

Salivary and Serum Inflammatory Profiles Reflect Different Aspects of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can manifest both macroscopically and microscopically in the oral cavity; however, little is known about salivary changes in IBD. Therefore, this study aimed to assess salivary and circulatory inflammatory profiles in IBD and to compare their potential to reflect the presence and activity of IBD.

Methods: We measured 92 known inflammatory proteins in serum and in unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva samples from patients with IBD with active intestinal inflammation (n = 21) and matched control patients (n = 22) by proximity extension assay.

S100A12 Expression Is Modulated During Monocyte Differentiation and Reflects Periodontitis Severity.

S100A12 is a calcium-binding protein of the S100 subfamily of myeloid-related proteins that acts as an alarmin to induce a pro-inflammatory innate immune response. It has been linked to several chronic inflammatory diseases, however its role in the common oral immunopathology periodontitis is largely unknown. Previous monoculture experiments indicate that S100A12 production decreases during monocyte differentiation stages, while the regulation within tissue is poorly defined.

Expression of colony-stimulating factor 1 and interleukin-34 in gingival tissue and gingival fibroblasts from periodontitis patients and controls.

Background: Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) and interleukin (IL)-34 are important for the functions of myeloid lineage cells and are involved in several chronic inflammatory conditions associated with tissue degeneration. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of CSF-1 and IL-34 in gingival tissue and gingival fibroblasts (GF) from patients with periodontitis and controls.

Methods: Gingival biopsies were obtained from 19 periodontitis patients and 15 controls.

The modulation of the TREM-1/PGLYRP1/MMP-8 axis in peri-implant diseases.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of sTREM-1 and its ligand PGLYRP1, as well as the expression of MMP-8 and its inhibitor TIMP-1, in peri-implant diseases. As a secondary aim, we analyzed the influence of the concomitant existence of periodontitis in the expression of these biomarkers.

Materials And Methods: This study included 77 patients (29 males and 48 females; mean age 55.

Salivary calprotectin is elevated in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease.

Objectives: To assess the concentration of calprotectin, a heterodimer of S100A8 and S100A9 implicated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in saliva of IBD patients compared to controls.

Methods: Unstimulated and stimulated saliva, and serum was collected from 23 IBD patients with active intestinal inflammation, verified by endoscopy. Fifteen patients were re-sampled after treatment.

CSF-1 and IL-34 levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid and saliva from patients having peri-implant diseases.

Objective: Colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1 and interleukin (IL)-34 are growth factors that regulate myeloid cell functions and support osteoclastogenesis. CSF-1 and IL-34 levels in peri-implant diseases are yet unknown. This study evaluated CSF-1, IL-34, and IL-1β levels in saliva and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) from patients having mucositis or peri-implantitis, as well as their correlation to clinical parameters of disease.

MMP-12 and S100s in saliva reflect different aspects of periodontal inflammation.

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12, S100A8/A9, and S100A12 are involved in innate immune responses. We addressed whether different aspects of oral health and non-disease-related covariates influence their levels in saliva. 436 participants were clinically examined, completed a health questionnaire, and provided stimulated saliva.

Salivary microbial profiles in relation to age, periodontal, and systemic diseases.

Background: Analysis of saliva is emerging as a promising tool to diagnose and monitor diseases which makes determination of the salivary microbial profile in different scenarios essential.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of age, periodontal disease, sex, smoking, and medical conditions on the salivary microbial profile.

Design: A randomly selected sample of 441 individuals was enrolled (51% women; mean age 48.

Gingival Tissue Inflammation Promotes Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase-12 Production by CD200R Monocyte-Derived Cells in Periodontitis.

Irreversible tissue recession in chronic inflammatory diseases is associated with dysregulated immune activation and production of tissue degradative enzymes. In this study, we identified elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 in gingival tissue of patients with the chronic inflammatory disease periodontitis (PD). The source of MMP12 was cells of monocyte origin as determined by the expression of CD14, CD68, and CD64.

Systemic Chemokine Levels with "Gut-Specific" Vedolizumab in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease-A Pilot Study.

Vedolizumab, a gut-specific biological treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is an antibody that binds to the α₄β₇ integrin and blocks T-cell migration into intestinal mucosa. We aimed to investigate chemokine levels in serum of IBD-patients treated with vedolizumab. In this pilot study, we included 11 IBD patients (8 Crohn's disease, 3 ulcerative colitis) previously non-respondent to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-agents.

Colony stimulating factor-1 in saliva in relation to age, smoking, and oral and systemic diseases.

Colony stimulating factor (CSF)-1 is a growth factor that stimulates the survival, proliferation and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes, which has been implicated in several inflammatory diseases. This study evaluated the possible influence of age, sex, smoking, periodontitis, caries, and several systemic conditions on salivary levels of CSF-1. Four-hundred and forty-one individuals were enrolled in this study.

Salivary and Serum Markers Related to Innate Immunity in Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis.

Background: Host inflammatory and immune responses play an important role in aggressive periodontitis (AgP). Thus, this study aims to evaluate levels of the innate immunity-related markers calprotectin, colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), monokine induced by interferon-γ (MIG), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 in serum and saliva from patients with generalized AgP and those with gingivitis or a healthy periodontium.

Methods: This study enrolled 40 individuals (17 males and 23 females; mean age 33.

Effects of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate on human gingival fibroblasts.

Objective: Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-P) was compared to chlorhexidine (CHX) in order to determine potential cytotoxic and immune-modulatory effects on human gingival fibroblasts.

Materials And Methods: Cytotoxic effects of PHMG-P and CHX on human gingival fibroblasts were assessed using cell viability assay at various time points and concentrations. The effects of PHMG-P and CHX on the secretion of prostaglandin (PG) E, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 by non-stimulated or IL-1β stimulated fibroblasts were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Receptor-Type Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase ζ and Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor in the Intestine: Cellular Expression and Cytokine- and Chemokine Responses by Interleukin-34 and Colony Stimulating Factor-1.

Differential intestinal expression of the macrophage growth factors colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), interleukin (IL)-34, and their shared CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been shown. Diverse expression between CSF-1 and IL-34, suggest that IL-34 may signal via an alternate receptor. Receptor-type protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (PTPRZ1, RPTP-ζ), an additional IL-34 receptor, was recently identified.

FNDC4 acts as an anti-inflammatory factor on macrophages and improves colitis in mice.

FNDC4 is a secreted factor sharing high homology with the exercise-associated myokine irisin (FNDC5). Here we report that Fndc4 is robustly upregulated in several mouse models of inflammation as well as in human inflammatory conditions. Specifically, FNDC4 levels are increased locally at inflamed sites of the intestine of inflammatory bowel disease patients.