The Association Between Prenatal Infection and Adolescent Behavior: Investigating Multiple Prenatal, Perinatal, and Childhood Second Hits.

Objective: Exposure to infections during pregnancy may be a potential risk factor for later psychopathology, but large-scale epidemiological studies investigating associations between prenatal infection and long-term offspring behavioral problems in the general population are scarce. In our study, we aimed to investigate the following: (1) the association between prenatal infection and adolescent behavior, (2) putative underlying pathways (mediation), and (3) "second hits" interacting with prenatal infection to increase the risk of adolescent behavior problems (moderation).

Method: Our study was embedded in a prospective Dutch pregnancy cohort (Generation R; n = 2,213 mother-child dyads).

Stage 2 Registered Report: The Bidirectional Relationship Between Brain Features and the Dysregulation Profile: A Longitudinal, Multimodal Approach.

Objective: Youth with symptoms of emotion dysregulation are at risk for a multitude of psychiatric diagnoses later in life. However, few studies have focused on the underlying neurobiology of emotion dysregulation. This study assessed the bidirectional relationship between emotion dysregulation symptoms and brain morphology throughout childhood and adolescence.

Dietary patterns, brain morphology and cognitive performance in children: Results from a prospective population-based study.

Dietary patterns in childhood have been associated with child neurodevelopment and cognitive performance, while the underlying neurobiological pathway is unclear. We aimed to examine associations of dietary patterns in infancy and mid-childhood with pre-adolescent brain morphology, and whether diet-related differences in brain morphology mediate the relation with cognition. We included 1888 and 2326 children with dietary data at age one or eight years, respectively, and structural neuroimaging at age 10 years in the Generation R Study.

The longitudinal bidirectional relationship between autistic traits and brain morphology from childhood to adolescence: a population-based cohort study.

Objective: Autistic traits are associated with alterations in brain morphology. However, the anatomic location of these differences and their developmental trajectories are unclear. The primary objective of this longitudinal study was to explore the bidirectional relationship between autistic traits and brain morphology from childhood to adolescence.

The Bidirectional Relationship Between Brain Features and the Dysregulation Profile: A Longitudinal, Multimodal Approach.

The field of psychiatry increasingly highlights the importance of studying not only the influence of the brain on behavior, but also the long-term influences that the persistence of specific behaviors can have on the brain. A severe behavioral phenotype that puts children at risk for later psychopathology is the Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulation Profile (CBCL-DP). In earlier work, Shaw et al.

The long-term impact of elevated C-reactive protein levels during pregnancy on brain morphology in late childhood.

Importance: Animal studies show that Maternal Immune Activation (MIA) may have detrimental effects on fetal brain development. Clinical studies provide evidence for structural brain abnormalities in human neonates following MIA, but no study has investigated the long-term effects of MIA (as measured with biomarkers) on human brain morphology ten years after the exposure.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the long-term impact of MIA on brain morphology in 10-year-old children, including the possible mediating role of gestational age at birth.

Neurodevelopmental Trajectories in Children With Internalizing, Externalizing and Emotion Dysregulation Symptoms.

Introduction: Childhood and adolescence are crucial periods for brain and behavioral development. However, it is not yet clear how and when deviations from typical brain development are related to broad domains of psychopathology.

Methods: Using three waves of neuroimaging data within the population-based Generation R Study sample, spanning a total age range of 6-16 years, we applied normative modeling to establish typical development curves for (sub-)cortical volume in 37 brain regions, and cortical thickness in 32 brain regions.

Child mental health problems as a risk factor for academic underachievement: A multi-informant, population-based study.

Objective: To investigate whether child mental health problems prospectively associate with IQ-achievement discrepancy (i.e., academic under- and over-achievement) in emerging adolescence.

Cognitive performance in children and adolescents with psychopathology traits: A cross-sectional multicohort study in the general population.

Psychopathology and cognitive development are closely related. Assessing the relationship between multiple domains of psychopathology and cognitive performance can elucidate which cognitive tasks are related to specific domains of psychopathology. This can help build theory and improve clinical decision-making in the future.

Brain morphology, autistic traits, and polygenic risk for autism: A population-based neuroimaging study.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with widespread brain alterations. Previous research in our group linked autistic traits with altered gyrification, but without pronounced differences in cortical thickness. Herein, we aim to replicate and extend these findings using a larger and older sample.

Stability and Change of Psychopathology Symptoms Throughout Childhood and Adolescence.

Assessing stability and change of children's psychopathology symptoms can help elucidate whether specific behaviors are transient developmental variations or indicate persistent psychopathology. This study included 6930 children across early childhood (T1), late childhood (T2) and early adolescence (T3), from the general population. Latent profile analysis identified psychopathology subgroups and latent transition analysis quantified the probability that children remained within, or transitioned across psychopathology subgroups.

The association between body mass index and brain morphology in children: a population-based study.

Brain morphology is altered in both anorexia nervosa and obesity. However, it is yet unclear if the relationship between Body Mass Index-Standard Deviation Score (BMI-SDS) and brain morphology exists across the BMI-SDS spectrum, or is present only in the extremes. The study involved 3160 9-to-11 year-old children (50.

Bayesian evidence synthesis in case of multi-cohort datasets: An illustration by multi-informant differences in self-control.

The trend toward large-scale collaborative studies gives rise to the challenge of combining data from different sources efficiently. Here, we demonstrate how Bayesian evidence synthesis can be used to quantify and compare support for competing hypotheses and to aggregate this support over studies. We applied this method to study the ordering of multi-informant scores on the ASEBA Self Control Scale (ASCS), employing a multi-cohort design with data from four Dutch cohorts.

Data sharing and privacy issues in neuroimaging research: Opportunities, obstacles, challenges, and monsters under the bed.

Collaborative networks and data sharing initiatives are broadening the opportunities for the advancement of science. These initiatives offer greater transparency in science, with the opportunity for external research groups to reproduce, replicate, and extend research findings. Further, larger datasets offer the opportunity to identify homogeneous patterns within subgroups of individuals, where these patterns may be obscured by the heterogeneity of the neurobiological measure in smaller samples.

Editorial: White Matter Matters: Neurobiological Differences Between Pediatric Bipolar Disorder and Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder.

Think about this: Linke et al. are publishing the "first" ever study using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). Child and adolescent psychiatrists know that these children are not new and are not uncommonly seen in both inpatient and outpatient mental health settings.