Video-feedback intervention for promoting social engagement in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities.

Introduction: Children with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDs) display several developmental impairments across various domains that impact parent-child interactions, emphasizing the need for effective early interventions. This multi-centric study aimed to evaluate the impact of video-feedback intervention (VFI) on enhancing maternal behavior (i.e.

Cotard's: a controlled single case study of putative perceptual, cognitive and psychological risk factors.

This case study explores the psychological and neuropsychological traits of a 55-year-old woman, D.R., who has Cotard's, believing her torso has dissolved and food bypasses her legs.

Preventing and treating childhood obesity by sleeping better: a systematic review.

Background: Childhood obesity represents a major public health issue worldwide. Evidence showed the need to implement prevention strategies mainly focused on lifestyle habits. Sleep hygiene is a variable of great interest and this review systematically examined the effects of sleep duration in increasing childhood obesity risk.

The Prevention of Childhood Obesity Is a Priority: The Preliminary Results of the "EpPOI: Education to Prevent Childhood Obesity" Project.

Background: The increase in childhood obesity rates represents a serious public health problem. The project "EpPOI: Education to prevent childhood obesity" is aimed at a multidisciplinary approach to raise awareness of the importance of preventing childhood obesity through lifestyle education.

Methods: Two actions by experts were performed: an intervention with children in schools and a meeting for both parents and school staff.

Cognitive reserve modulates mental health in adulthood.

Cognitive Reserve (CR) reflects acquired knowledge, skills, and abilities throughout life, and it is known for modulating cognitive efficiency in healthy and clinical populations. CR, which was initially proposed to explain individual differences in the clinical presentation of dementia, has subsequently been extended to healthy ageing, showing its role in cognitive efficiency also during middle age. Recently, CR has been linked to affective processes in psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, major depressive and anxiety symptoms, and psychological distress, suggesting its potential role in emotional expression and regulation.

Changes in Sleep Duration and Sleep Timing in the General Population from before to during the First COVID-19 Lockdown: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The COVID-19 lockdown had a profound effect on everyday life, including sleep health. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated changes in quantitative sleep parameters during the first lockdown compared with pre-lockdown in the general population.

Methods: A search in scientific databases was performed to identify eligible observational studies from inception to 8 February 2023.

Time to act on childhood obesity: the use of technology.

Childhood obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide and there is an urgent need to implement treatment and prevention programs. Over the last decade, in addition to increasing rates of childhood obesity, we have also observed rapid technological and digital development. The Covid-19 pandemic has largely contributed to both expansions but has also allowed an opening towards a broader vision of medicine, through new therapeutic opportunities such as mobile healthcare.

Mood moderates the effects of prefrontal tDCS on executive functions: A meta-analysis testing the affective state-dependency hypothesis.

Background: In recent decades, numerous studies have investigated the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cognitive functioning. However, results of these studies frequently display inconsistency and pose challenges regarding replicability. The present work aimed at testing the hypothesis of mood as potential moderator of prefrontal tDCS effects on executive functions (EF).

Cognitive reserve moderates the relationship between sleep difficulties and executive functions in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor disturbances as well as non-motor symptoms, such as sleep and cognitive difficulties. Recent evidence has shown that, in patients with PD, sleep disturbances selectively correlate with specific cognitive functions, such as non-verbal reasoning, attention and executive functions, and language abilities. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis of Cognitive Reserve (CR) as a potential moderator in the relationship between sleep difficulties and cognitive performance in PD patients.

Changes in sleep quality and sleep disturbances in the general population from before to during the COVID-19 lockdown: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to explore changes in sleep quality and sleep disturbances in the general population from before to during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Methods: The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021256378) and the PRISMA guidelines were followed. The major databases and gray literature were systematically searched from inception to 28/05/2021 to identify observational studies evaluating sleep changes in the general population during the lockdown with respect to the pre-lockdown period.

A contribution to the Italian validation of the Parenting Interaction with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcome (PICCOLO).

Introduction: PICCOLO (Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes) is an observational instrument designed to assess four domains of parenting interactions that promote early child development (Affection, Responsiveness, Encouragement, and Teaching). Although PICCOLO has been validated in the United States for children as young as 4 months of age, the current focus is on parents with children aged between 10 and 47 months. This study contributes to the validation of the Italian translation of the PICCOLO by testing its psychometric properties and examining whether factors such as the child's age and child's sex are related to the four domains of parenting interactions.

Identifying the Basic Dimensions of Medication-Triggered Impulsive Compulsive Behaviours in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: This review article integrates findings from published behavioural and neuroimaging studies of impulsive-compulsive behaviours (ICBs) in Parkinson's disease, with the aim of identifying the basic correlates of these problematic and distressing behaviours. The underlying premise is that for any feature to be a reliable marker of ICBs, it should be evident across multiple levels of analyses. When changes are evident only at one level, but not in the others, their reliability as indicators of ICBs should be questioned.

Long term effects of severe acquired brain injury: A follow-up investigation on the role of cognitive reserve on cognitive outcomes.

In a recent study we showed that Cognitive Reserve (CR) did not significantly predict the neuropsychological outcomes of patients with severe Acquired Brain Injury (sABI), after a rehabilitation program. The present study aims to extend the previous results by assessing the role of CR on long-term neuropsychological outcomes of a subgroup ( = 27) of that same population. Patients took part in a telephone interview, where Tele-Global Examination Mental State (Tele-GEMS) and Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOS-E) were administered.

The Role of Serial Radiographs in Diagnosing Diabetic Foot Bone Osteomyelitis.

Background And Objective: Diagnosing diabetes-related foot osteomyelitis is sometimes a challenge for clinicians since it may occur without local or systemic signs of infection. Thus, the primary purpose of this article was to evaluate the role of progressive radiographic changes in diagnosing diabetic foot osteomyelitis.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of databases of our Institution was performed to identify all long-standing diabetic foot patients who underwent two radiographic examinations spaced no more than five weeks apart and a subsequent magnetic resonance (MR) examination from November 2015 to November 2020.

Risk and Protective Factors of Psychological Distress in Patients Who Recovered From COVID-19: The Role of Cognitive Reserve.

Recent studies reported the development of psychological distress symptoms in patients who recovered from COVID-19. However, evidence is still scarce and new data are needed to define the exact risk and protective factors that can explain the variability in symptoms manifestation. In this study, we enrolled 257 patients who recovered from COVID-19 and we evaluated the levels of psychological distress through the Symptoms Checklist-90-R scale.

Delay of gratification dissociates cognitive control and valuation brain regions in healthy young adults.

Delay of gratification (DofG) refers to an inter-temporal choice phenomenon that is of great interest in many domains, including animal learning, cognitive development, economic decision-making, and executive control. Yet experimental tools for investigating DofG in human adults are almost non-existent, and as a consequence, very little is known regarding the brain basis of core DofG behaviors. Here, we utilize a novel DofG paradigm, adapted for use in neuroimaging contexts, to examine event-related changes in neural activity as healthy young adult participants made repeated choices to continue waiting for a delayed reward, rather than take an immediately available one of lesser value.

Disruption of Redox Homeostasis by Alterations in Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity and Tetrahydrobiopterin along with Melanoma Progression.

Cutaneous melanoma emerges from the malignant transformation of melanocytes and is the most aggressive type of skin cancer. The progression can occur in different stages: radial growth phase (RGP), vertical growth phase (VGP), and metastasis. Reactive oxygen species contribute to all phases of melanomagenesis through the modulation of oncogenic signaling pathways.

A community-based feasibility randomized controlled study to test food-specific inhibitory control training in people with disinhibited eating during COVID-19 in Italy.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to expand the evidence on the feasibility and impact of food-specific inhibitory control training in a community sample of people with disinhibited eating.

Methods: Recruitment and data collection were conducted during the COVID-19 outbreak, in Italy. Ninety-four adult individuals with disinhibited eating were randomised to one of two conditions: App-based food-specific inhibitory control training or waiting list.

Anxiety predicts impulsive-compulsive behaviours in Parkinson's disease: Clinical relevance and theoretical implications.

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often present symptoms of anxiety, depression and apathy. These negative affect manifestations have been recently associated with the presence of impulsive compulsive behaviours (ICBs). However, their relation with the use of dopamine replacement therapy (DRT), a renewed risk factor for ICBs, is still not fully understood.

Resting state predicts neural activity during reward-guided decision making: An fMRI study on Balloon Analogue Risk Task.

In our previous work [8], we have shown that resting state (RS) functional connectivity metrics are significantly related with behavioural performance at Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). In the present study we investigated the hypothesis of an association between RS metrics and neural activity evoked by BART execution. A group-level whole-brain regression was run to assess whether RS metrics predict brain activation during the BART, in a sample of 35 young healthy adults (mean age 23 ± 2 years, 25 F).

Cognitive and Psychological Sequelae of COVID-19: Age Differences in Facing the Pandemic.

Literature about the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) is currently focusing on the potential cognitive and neuropsychiatric sequelae observed in individuals receiving intensive care unit (ICU) treatments. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the differences in cognitive and psychological sequelae of COVID-19 between younger and older adults, regardless of being admitted to the ICU or not. The study involved 299 recovered individuals (from 18 to 90 years old), who underwent a comprehensive cognitive and psychological assessment.

Parsing variability in borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies.

Though a plethora of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies explored the neurobiological underpinnings of borderline personality disorder (BPD), findings across different tasks were divergent. We conducted a systematic review and activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis on the fMRI studies conducted in BPD patients compared to healthy controls (HC). We systematically searched PubMed and PsychINFO from inception until July 9th 2020 using combinations of database-specific terms like 'fMRI', 'Neuroimaging', 'borderline'.