S1P Signalling Axis Is Necessary for Adiponectin-Directed Regulation of Electrophysiological Properties and Oxidative Metabolism in C2C12 Myotubes.

Background: Adiponectin (Adn), released by adipocytes and other cell types such as skeletal muscle, has insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory properties. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is reported to act as effector of diverse biological actions of Adn in different tissues. S1P is a bioactive sphingolipid synthesized by the phosphorylation of sphingosine catalyzed by sphingosine kinase (SK) 1 and 2.

Antagonizing S1P Receptor with Cell-Penetrating Pepducins in Skeletal Muscle Fibrosis.

S1P is the final product of sphingolipid metabolism, which interacts with five widely expressed GPCRs (S1P). Increasing numbers of studies have indicated the importance of S1P in various pathophysiological processes. Recently, we have identified a pepducin (compound KRX-725-II) acting as an S1P receptor antagonist.

Single ALA-PDT irradiation induces increase in mast cells degranulation and neuropeptide acute response in chronic venous ulcers: A pilot study.

Background: The behavior of mast cells, their interaction with neuronal cells or nerve fibers, the expression of neuropeptides and the distribution of skin neuronal cells or nerve fibers after ALA-PDT treated vs untreated chronic wounds were investigated.

Methods: Nineteen patients suffering from chronic venous ulcers (CVU) were enrolled in this study. Skin samples from wound bed before and after irradiation with ALA-PDT were taken.

Role of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signalling Axis in Muscle Atrophy Induced by TNFα in C2C12 Myotubes.

Skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass causing reduced agility, increased fatigability and higher risk of bone fractures. Inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), are strong inducers of skeletal muscle atrophy. The bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phoshate (S1P) plays an important role in skeletal muscle biology.

Sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase blockade elicits myogenic differentiation of murine myoblasts acting via Spns2/S1P receptor axis.

The bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) has emerged in the last three decades as main regulator of key cellular processes including cell proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation. A crucial role for this sphingolipid has been recognized in skeletal muscle cell biology both in vitro and in vivo. S1P lyase (SPL) is responsible for the irreversible degradation of S1P and together with sphingosine kinases, the S1P producing enzymes, regulates cellular S1P levels.

Glycans Meet Sphingolipids: Structure-Based Design of Glycan Containing Analogues of a Sphingosine Kinase Inhibitor.

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid mediator associated with diverse homeostatic and signaling roles. Enhanced biosynthesis of S1P, mediated by the sphingosine kinase isozymes (SK1 and SK2), is implicated in several pathophysiological conditions and diseases, including skeletal muscle fibrosis, inflammation, multiple sclerosis, and cancer. Therefore, therapeutic approaches that control S1P production have focused on the development of SK1/2 inhibitors.

ALA-PDT exerts beneficial effects on chronic venous ulcers by inducing changes in inflammatory microenvironment, especially through increased TGF-beta release: A pilot clinical and translational study.

A cohort of 19 patients affected by chronic venous ulcers was recruited from our centre. A 4-mm punch biopsy from wound bed was taken before application of ALA 20% gel and repeated one hour after the first PDT irradiation. We observed a significant and progressive reduction of wounds mean volumes right after three ALA-PDT sessions (once per week; 4479.