The aflatoxin inhibitors capsaicin and piperine from and fruits modulate the antioxidant system in .

Several aflatoxin inhibitors can modulate the antioxidant system in fungi. In this work, the effect of the ethanolic extract of and fruits, capsaicin, and piperine on the expression of the EGHI, K, L, O, P, and Q genes involved in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway in were studied by qRT-PCR analysis. As well as, the effect on the expression of fungal antioxidant genes ( and and enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD).

Down-regulation of aflatoxin biosynthetic genes in by roots and affinin for reduction of aflatoxin production.

Affinin present in roots has been identified as an anti-aflatoxin molecule. However, its mechanism of action has yet to be clarified. Aflatoxins biosynthesis involves not less than 27 enzymatic reactions.

amylase and glucosidase enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activity by capsaicin and piperine from and fruits.

In the present study, amylase and glucosidase inhibitory effect and antioxidant activity of capsaicin and piperine from the ethanolic extract of (EECch) and (EEPn) fruits were investigated. Results revealed that EECch exhibited the highest phenolic (154 mg GAE/100 g of tissue) and flavonoid content (75 mg RtE/100 g of tissue) in comparison with EEPn. The predominant compound detected in EECch and EEPn by GC-EIMS analysis was the capsaicin and piperine, respectively.

Inhibitory effect of and fruits, capsaicin and piperine on aflatoxins production in by downregulating the expression of D, M, R, and S genes of aflatoxins biosynthetic pathway.

Aflatoxins produced by are toxic and carcinogenic metabolites. The biosynthesis of this mycotoxins is a complex process and involves at least 30 genes clustered within an approximately 82 kB gene cluster. In the present study, the effect of and fruits on growth and aflatoxin production were studied in relation to the expression of D, M, R, and S four; key genes of aflatoxins biosynthesis pathway.