Site-Specific Genomic Alterations in a Well-Differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor With High-Grade Progression.

The major categories of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET) are well-differentiated NET and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. Sequencing of these tumors has identified multiple important genes in the pathogenesis of PanNETs, such as DAXX/ATRX, MEN1, TP53, RB, and mTOR pathway genes. We identified a case of well-differentiated PanNET with high-grade progression with simultaneous low- and high-grade histologic regions containing variable genomic profiles.

Method for measuring the unbinding energy of strongly-bound membrane-associated proteins.

We describe a new method to measure the activation energy for unbinding (enthalpy ΔH* and free energy ΔG*) of a strongly-bound membrane-associated protein from a lipid membrane. It is based on measuring the rate of release of a liposome-bound protein during centrifugation on a sucrose gradient as a function of time and temperature. The method is used to determine ΔH* and ΔG* for the soluble dengue virus envelope protein (sE) strongly bound to 80:20 POPC:POPG liposomes at pH5.