Women with PCOS have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease regardless of diagnostic criteria-a prospective population-based cohort study.

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with many cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. However, it remains debatable whether the presence of multiple CVD risk factors translates to increased CVD events.

Design: A prospective, population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.

Low testosterone at age 31 associates with maternal obesity and higher body mass index from childhood until age 46: A birth cohort study.

Background: Low testosterone (T) levels in men associate with increased risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. However, most studies are cross-sectional with follow-up-time < 10 years, and data on early growth are limited.

Objective: To compare prenatal factors and body mass index (BMI) development from birth to age 46 in relation to low T at age 31.

AMH as part of the diagnostic PCOS workup in large epidemiological studies.

Objectives: Previous studies have shown good correlation between polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) and serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels. We evaluated the utility of AMH as a surrogate for PCOM as a part of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) diagnosis by describing how the use of different AMH cut-off values would change the prevalence of PCOS.

Methods: A general population-based birth cohort study.

Oral and Vaginal Hormonal Contraceptives Induce Similar Unfavorable Metabolic Effects in Women with PCOS: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This clinical trial aims to compare hormonal and metabolic changes after a 9-week continuous use of oral or vaginal combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We recruited 24 women with PCOS and randomized them to use either combined oral (COC, = 13) or vaginal (CVC, = 11) contraception. At baseline and 9 weeks, blood samples were collected and a 2 h glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to evaluate hormonal and metabolic outcomes.

A Register Study Suggesting Homotypic and Heterotypic Comorbidity Among Individuals With Learning Disabilities.

The present study examined whether learning disabilities (LD) in reading and/or math (i.e., reading disability [RD], math disability [MD], and RD+MD) co-occur with other diagnoses.

An optimal growth pattern during pregnancy and early childhood associates with better fertility in men.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between birth weight (BW), childhood and adolescent BMI, with reproductive capacity in men.

Design: A prospective, population-based cohort study (Northern Finland birth cohort 1966).

Methods: Around 6196 men born in 1966 were followed from birth to age 50 years.

Individualized Endurance Training Based on Recovery and Training Status in Recreational Runners.

Purpose: Long-term development of endurance performance requires a proper balance between strain and recovery. Because responses and adaptations to training are highly individual, this study examined whether individually adjusted endurance training based on recovery and training status would lead to greater adaptations compared with a predefined program.

Methods: Recreational runners were divided into predefined (PD; n = 14) or individualized (IND; n = 16) training groups.

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are burdened with multimorbidity and medication use independent of body mass index at late fertile age: A population-based cohort study.

Introduction: This population-based follow-up study investigated the comorbidities, medication use, and healthcare services among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) at age 46 years.

Material And Methods: The study population derived from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 and consisted of women reporting oligo/amenorrhea and hirsutism at age 31 years and/or a PCOS diagnosis by age 46 years (n = 246) and controls without PCOS symptoms or diagnosis (n = 1573), referred to as non-PCOS women. The main outcome measures were self-reported data on symptoms, diagnosed diseases, and medication and healthcare service use at the age of 46 years.

Validity of the Wrist-Worn Polar Vantage V2 to Measure Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability at Rest.

Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) can be monitored with wearable devices throughout the day. Resting HRV in particular, reflecting cardiac parasympathetic activity, has been proposed to be a useful marker in the monitoring of health and recovery from training. This study examined the validity of the wrist-based photoplethysmography (PPG) method to measure HR and HRV at rest.

What factors relate to three profiles of perception of motor competence in young children?

The study aims were to 1) examine profiles of perception of motor competence (PMC) in relation to actual motor competence (AMC), i.e. under-estimators (UEs), realistic estimators (REs) and over-estimators (OEs) and 2) investigate associations between the profiles and selected socioecological factors at the individual, family and environmental levels.

Construct validity and reliability of the physical activity parenting questionnaire for children (PAP-C).

Background: Children's perception of parenting is hypothesised to significantly affect their physical activity (PA). This study aimed to examine construct validity, factorial invariance and reliability of a new tool: Physical Activity Parenting questionnaire for Children (PAP-C).

Methods: PAP-C comprised 22 items hypothesised to cover 3 theory-guided factors of physical activity parenting (PAP)-namely, structure for activity, autonomy support and involvement.

Individual, Family, and Environmental Correlates of Motor Competence in Young Children: Regression Model Analysis of Data Obtained from Two Motor Tests.

Physical activity and motor competence (MC) have been considered to be closely related and prevent childhood obesity. The aim of the study was two-fold: to examine MC measured with two different tools in relation to individual, family, and environmental correlates and to investigate gender differences in MC. The Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition (TGMD-3) was administered to three- to seven-year-old children ( = 945), while the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) was also used for five- to seven-year-old children ( = 444).

Environmental Correlates of Motor Competence in Children-The Skilled Kids Study.

Environment, physical activity (PA) and motor development are tightly interwoven during childhood. We examined the associations of environmental factors with motor competence (MC) in children. Children ( = 945, 50.

Socioecological correlates of perceived motor competence in 5- to 7-year-old Finnish children.

We investigated child, family, and environmental factors associated with young children's perceptions of locomotor (LM) and object control (OC) skills. The participants comprised 472 children (6.22 ± 0.

Correlates of physical activity parenting: The Skilled Kids study.

We examined the relationship between physical activity parenting (PAP) and child, family, and environmental factors in families. The participants were 840 families with young children (n = 993; 5.40 ± 1.

Associations Between Childhood Learning Disabilities and Adult-Age Mental Health Problems, Lack of Education, and Unemployment.

We studied the impact of diverse subtypes of learning disabilities (LD) on adult-age mental health, education, and employment by comparing the LD group ( n = 430) with a matched control group without a known history of LD ( n = 2,149). The clinical archived data were merged with lifelong register data on sickness allowances/disability pensions granted on the basis of psychiatric illnesses, reimbursements for psychoactive medication, having a degree after compulsory education, and having received unemployment allowances. Differences emerged between the LD and control groups in all outcomes, suggesting that a higher proportion of individuals with LD had mental health problems compared to the control group, and a notable share of them had not attained a degree after compulsory education and had been unemployed for an extended period.