Impact of introduction of conjugate vaccines in the vaccination schedule on the incidence of pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease requiring hospitalization in Madrid 2007 to 2011.

Background: Differences in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children are expected after a change from 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Universal vaccination with PCV7 started in Madrid in November 2006, and it switched to PCV13 in June 2010.

Methods: A prospective, laboratory-confirmed (by culture or polymerase chain reaction), clinical surveillance including all pediatric IPD requiring hospitalization in Madrid was performed in all hospitals with a pediatric department and included four 1-year periods from May 2007 to April 2011.

Focal cerebral involvement by neurobrucellosis: pathological and MRI findings.

Central nervous system involvement by brucellosis is infrequent and usually presents as acute meningoencephalitis. Neurobrucellosis presenting as a focal brain mass has rarely been demonstrated on imaging studies. We describe the imaging and pathologic findings in a child affected by neurobrucellosis with focal cortico-subcortical involvement.