Wastewater-based epidemiology, specifically the COVIDBENS program in A Coruña, Spain, tracked COVID-19 from June 2020 to March 2022 to provide early warnings for public health decisions.
Using RT-qPCR and Illumina sequencing, the program monitored viral loads and detected SARS-CoV-2 mutations, significantly improving surveillance by estimating real infection rates and variant frequencies.
The analysis identified six waves of viral load and successfully anticipated community outbreaks 8-36 days before clinical reports, enabling faster responses from local authorities and adaptation by industrial companies.