Clinical artificial intelligence: teaching a large language model to generate recommendations that align with guidelines for the surgical management of GERD.

Background: Large Language Models (LLMs) provide clinical guidance with inconsistent accuracy due to limitations with their training dataset. LLMs are "teachable" through customization. We compared the ability of the generic ChatGPT-4 model and a customized version of ChatGPT-4 to provide recommendations for the surgical management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) to both surgeons and patients.

Nanoindentation Response of Structural Self-Healing Epoxy Resin: A Hybrid Experimental-Simulation Approach.

In recent years, self-healing polymers have emerged as a topic of considerable interest owing to their capability to partially restore material properties and thereby extend the product's lifespan. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the nanoindentation response in terms of hardness, reduced modulus, contact depth, and coefficient of friction of a self-healing resin developed for use in aeronautical and aerospace contexts. To achieve this, the bifunctional epoxy precursor underwent tailored functionalization to improve its toughness, facilitating effective compatibilization with a rubber phase dispersed within the host epoxy resin.

Verification of the Self-Healing Ability of PP-co-HUPy Copolymers in Epoxy Systems.

This work concerns the verification of the self-healing ability of PP-co-HUPy copolymers dispersed in epoxy systems. PP is the acronym for the Poly-PEGMA polymer, and HUPy refers to the HEMA-UPy copolymers based on ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) moieties. In particular, this work aims to verify whether this elastomer characterized by an intrinsic self-healing ability can activate supramolecular interactions among polymer chains of an epoxy resin, as in the elastomer alone.

Hybrid Hemp Particles as Functional Fillers for the Manufacturing of Hydrophobic and Anti-icing Epoxy Composite Coatings.

The development of hydrophobic composite coatings is of great interest for several applications in the aerospace industry. Functionalized microparticles can be obtained from waste fabrics and employed as fillers to prepare sustainable hydrophobic epoxy-based coatings. Following a waste-to-wealth approach, a novel hydrophobic epoxy-based composite including hemp microparticles (HMPs) functionalized with waterglass solution, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride, and either hexadecyltrimethoxysilane or 1,1,2,2-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane is presented.

Nanometric Mechanical Behavior of Electrospun Membranes Loaded with Magnetic Nanoparticles.

This work analyzes on nanoscale spatial domains the mechanical features of electrospun membranes of Polycaprolactone (PCL) loaded with Functionalized Magnetite Nanoparticles (FMNs) produced via an electrospinning process. Thermal and structural analyses demonstrate that FMNs affect the PCL crystallinity and its melting temperature. HarmoniX-Atomic Force Microscopy (H-AFM), a modality suitable to map the elastic modulus on nanometric domains of the sample surface, evidences that the FMNs affect the local mechanical properties of the membranes.

Rheological, Thermal and Mechanical Characterization of Toughened Self-Healing Supramolecular Resins, Based on Hydrogen Bonding.

This paper proposes the design of toughened self-healing supramolecular resins able to fulfill functional and structural requirements for industrial applications. These new nanocomposites are based on compounds acting as promotors of reversible self-healing interactions. Electrically conductive carbon nanotubes, selected among those allowing to reach the electrical percolation threshold (EPT) with a very low amount of nanofiller, were dispersed in the self-healing polymeric matrix to contrast the electrical insulating properties of epoxy matrices, as required for many applications.

Tunneling Atomic Force Microscopy Analysis of Supramolecular Self-Responsive Nanocomposites.

A big step forward for composite application in the sector of structural materials is given by the use of Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with hydrogen bonding moieties, such as barbiturate and thymine, to activate self-healing mechanisms and integrate additional functionalities. These materials with multiple healing properties at the same damaged site, imparted by hydrogen bonds, will also have the potential to improve material reliability, extend the service life, reduce replacement costs, and improve product safety. This revolutionary approach is obtained by integrating the non-covalent interactions coupled with the conventional covalent approach used to cross-link the polymer.

Prospective Evaluation of Health Literacy and Its Impact on Outcomes in Emergency General Surgery.

Background: Health literacy (HL) is an important component of national health policy. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of low HL (LHL) and determine its impact on outcomes after emergency general surgery (EGS).

Methods: We performed a (2016-2017) prospective cohort analysis of adult EGS patients.

Reversible Self-Healing Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Structural Applications.

Reversible Hydrogen Bonds (RHB) have been explored to confer self-healing function to multifunctional nanocomposites. This study has been carried out through a sequence of different steps. Hydrogen bonding moieties, with the intrinsic ability to simultaneously perform the functions of both hydrogen donors and acceptors, have been covalently attached to the walls of carbon nanotubes.

Loss of Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in a KCl-Induced Model of Episodic Headache Enhances CNS Drug Delivery.

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) in the CNS is suggested as a common mechanism contributing to headache. Despite strong evidence for CNS involvement in headache disorders, drug development for headache disorders remains focused on peripheral targets. Difficulty in delivering drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may partially account for this disparity.