MRI in predicting conversion to multiple sclerosis within 1 year.

Objectives: Most patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) present with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). We aimed to verify previously reported imaging and clinical findings, and to identify new MRI findings that might serve as prognostic factors for a second clinical episode or a change in the MRI scan during the first year following a CIS.

Materials And Methods: We identified from our medical records, 46 individuals who presented with an episode of CIS, which was followed clinically and with imaging studies.

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Impact Th17 and Th1 Responses Through a Prostaglandin E2 and Myeloid-Dependent Mechanism.

Unlabelled: : Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are being increasingly pursued as potential therapies for immune-mediated conditions, including multiple sclerosis. Although they can suppress human Th1 responses, they reportedly can reciprocally enhance human Th17 responses. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the capacity of hMSCs to modulate human Th1 and Th17 responses.

Effects of acute alcohol intoxication on saccadic conflict and error processing.

Rationale: Flexible behavior optimization relies on cognitive control which includes the ability to suppress automatic responses interfering with relevant goals. Extensive evidence suggests that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is the central node in a predominantly frontal cortical network subserving executive tasks. Neuroimaging studies indicate that the ACC is sensitive to acute intoxication during conflict, but such evidence is limited to tasks using manual responses with arbitrary response contingencies.

Use of modafinil in patients with epilepsy.

Fatigue and excessive daytime sleepiness are common symptoms in patients with neurological injury. Modafinil has been shown to ameliorate these symptoms, but its use in patients with seizures has been limited because of safety concerns. Using a large centralized clinical registry, we performed a retrospective chart review of patients with a diagnosis of epilepsy who were given modafinil over a 10-year period.

Outcomes after discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs after surgery in patients with low grade brain tumors and meningiomas.

Low grade tumors are associated with a high risk of seizures. Prolonged use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is associated with morbidity. Determining which patients can safely discontinue AEDs perioperatively is difficult.

Acute alcohol intoxication impairs top-down regulation of Stroop incongruity as revealed by blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Functional neuroanatomy of executive functions has been delineated in a large number of neuroimaging studies using conflict-inducing tasks. The neural basis of alcohol's effects on cognitive control is poorly understood despite the evidence of impaired ability to evaluate competing demands and to inhibit maladaptive responses. To investigate the effects of moderate intoxication, healthy social drinkers participated in both alcohol (0.