Mental health and professional outcomes in parents of children with chronic kidney disease.

Background: This study evaluated parenting stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms and their associated factors in parents of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: This cross-sectional study compared parents of patients with CKD (0-18 years) with a matched control group of parents of healthy children. Both groups completed the Parenting Stress Index - Short Form, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and a sociodemographic questionnaire.

Working towards convergence of the clinical management of differences of sex development/intersex conditions and the human rights framework: A case study.

Objective: Medical treatments that aim to modify the appearance of the genitals in children who are born with a difference of sex development/intersex (DSD/I*) condition are highly controversial. Human Rights bodies worldwide have argued that such treatments are conflicting with the child's right of personal autonomy and should be legally restricted to the unique situation where the child's physical health is in danger.

Design: We here review the current status of legal initiatives in Europe that have addressed the issue of medical treatments in minors who have a DSD for which they have not been able to give personal informed consent due to their young age.

Illness-related parental stress and quality of life in children with kidney diseases.

Background: This cross-sectional study investigated quality of life (QoL) and illness-related parental stress in children with kidney diseases by (1) comparing mean levels of these two variables between several kidney disease categories; (2) exploring correlations between QoL and parental stress; and (3) describing which disease category reports lowest QoL and highest parental stress.

Methods: We included 295 patients with a kidney disease (0-18 years) and their parents, followed at 6 reference centers for pediatric nephrology. Children's QoL was assessed by the PedsQL™ 4.

Mental Health Outcomes Among Parents of Children With a Chronic Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Parental Burn-Out.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated quarantine measures highly impacted parental psychological well-being. Parents of children with chronic diseases might be specifically vulnerable as they already face multiple challenges to provide adequate care for their child. The research questions of the current study were twofold: (a) to examine whether parents of children with a chronic disease experienced more anxiety and depression compared to parents of healthy children and (b) to examine a series of risk factors for worsened well-being (i.

Validity and reliability of the Dutch version of the PedsQL™ 3.0 End Stage Renal Disease Module in children with chronic kidney disease in Belgium.

Background: Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a low quality of life (QoL). The PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales are widely used to assess general QoL in children.

Parental Catastrophizing and Goal Pursuit in the Context of Child Chronic Pain: A Daily Diary Study.

Despite daily variability in children's chronic pain experiences, little is known about how parents' emotions and goals toward their child's pain are influenced by these daily changes. This diary study examined how daily child pain intensity (as perceived by parents) moderates the associations between parental catastrophic thoughts about child pain on the one hand, and daily parental distress and parents' goals with regard to their child's pain (pain control vs. activity engagement) on the other hand.

Study protocol for You.Mind!: boosting first-line mental health care for YOUngsters suffering from chronic conditions with mindfulness: a randomised staggered within-subjects design.

Introduction: Adolescents with chronic conditions often experience high levels of stress, anxiety and depression, and reduced quality of life. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been found to improve emotional distress in clinical and non-clinical populations and are a promising technique to support adolescents with chronic conditions in managing their symptoms and ultimately enhance their quality of life.

Methods And Analysis: To test the effects of an MBI on emotional distress and quality of life and delineate the underlying mechanisms, the You.

Psychosexual Outcome, Sexual Function, and Long-Term Satisfaction of Adolescent and Young Adult Men After Childhood Hypospadias Repair.

Background: The psychosexual outcome in adolescents and young adults (AYA) men born with hypospadias is precarious. However, the factors responsible for impaired outcome in some AYA men have been understudied.

Aim: To explore the outcome after hypospadias repair in childhood of AYA men aged 16-21 years and examine their opinion and their parents' opinion about this type of surgery.

A pilot study of the effectiveness of a serious game CliniPup® on perioperative anxiety and pain in children.

Introduction/aim: Children experience important anxiety before surgery. Anxiety and pain are positively correlated. Serious gaming is a non-pharmacological intervention to prepare children and parents for an operation.

Resilience Factors in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Their Parents: The Role of Child and Parent Psychological Flexibility.

Objective: Chronic pain is central to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and is predictive of impaired functioning. Whereas most work has focused on identifying psychosocial risk factors for maladaptive outcomes, we explored the idea that child and parental psychological flexibility (PF) represent resilience factors for adaptive functioning of the child. We also explored differences between general vs pain-specific PF in contributing to child outcomes.

Development and validation of a spina bifida-specific pediatric quality of life questionnaire: the Spina Bifida Pediatric Questionnaire, SBPQ.

Purpose: Based on existing questionnaires and patient interview, a health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaire in spina bifida (SB) children is created and validated, the Spina Bifida Pediatric Questionnaire (SBPQ).

Methods: SB patients from the SB reference centre Ghent University Hospital, Belgium, with mental ability between 6 and 18 years old and their parents were asked to participate in the study, together with a control group.

Results: Thirty-nine patients and parents answered the questionnaire once, 20 patients and their parents the test-retest.

Vaginal dilation treatment in women with vaginal hypoplasia: a prospective one-year follow-up study.

Objective: Vaginal dilation treatment has been shown to be a (cost) effective first-line alternative to surgery in normalizing vaginal length and improving sexual function in women with vaginal hypoplasia. There remains, however, a need for prospective studies, with long-term assessment of multiple outcomes.

Study Design: This was a prospective, single-centre observational study of 16 women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (n = 12) or 46,XY disorders of sex development (n = 4).

Sexual quality of life after hormonal and surgical treatment, including phalloplasty, in men with micropenis: a review.

Introduction: The term micropenis encompasses a range of congenital and acquired conditions that result in an abnormally short penis. Small penis size may persist into adulthood, becoming a major cause of dissatisfaction.

Aim: To review the literature pertaining to the effects of hormonal and surgical treatment on psychosexual functioning and quality of life (QoL) in individuals with micropenis who were raised male.

Psychological and psychiatric issues in urinary and fecal incontinence.

Purpose: We provide an overview of the psychological and psychiatric aspects of nocturnal enuresis, urinary and fecal incontinence. Clinical behavioral disorders and subclinical psychological symptoms are reviewed. Aspects of screening, assessment, counseling and in severe cases treatment are outlined, and recommendations are formulated.

Problem behavior, parental stress and enuresis.

Purpose: We determined maternal and paternal ratings of problem behavior in 5 to 13-year-old children with (non)monosymptomatic enuresis and investigated parental stress and the association between parental ratings of child behavior and parental stress.

Materials And Methods: We compared problem behavior in 78 children with (non)monosymptomatic enuresis vs that in 110 without enuresis using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale. Parental stress was measured using the Parenting Stress Index.

Body image and sexuality in adolescents after hypospadias surgery.

Objective: Patients operated on for hypospadias often display a range of emotional and functional postoperative problems at an early age. This study explores the social, psychosocial and sexual development of adolescent boys operated on for hypospadias at an early age.

Patients And Method: Ten boys between the ages of 11 and 18 years and an age-matched reference group of 10 boys completed three mailed questionnaires: the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18, the Youth Self Report, and the Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents.

Enuresis and daytime wetting as a biopsychosocial problem: a review.

Enuresis is considered to be the most prevalent of all childhood problems with important psychosocial consequences. Thorough research by both medical and psychological disciplines has resulted in a lack of agreement concerning definitions and terminology. Psychiatric classification systems stress phenomenological aspects such as age, frequency and duration of wetting episodes, but are not based on pathophysiologic aspects, whereas the International Children's Continence Society recommend distinguishing between monosymptomatic enuresis and complex/non-monosymptomatic enuresis depending on the absence or presence of bladder dysfunctions.

Early detection of psychological problems in a population of children with enuresis: construction and validation of the Short Screening Instrument for Psychological Problems in Enuresis.

Purpose: The current study focuses on the construction and validation of the Short Screening Instrument for Psychological Problems in Enuresis, for emotional problems and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, in a population of children with enuresis.

Materials And Methods: In phase I factor analyses were performed on 31 items of the Internalizing scale of the Child Behavior Checklist and on 18 items of the Attention Deficit Disorder scale of the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale to select the most discriminating items. The question format and cutoff score for referral were determined by maximization of correctly classified patients, with the full Child Behavior Checklist and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale as standards.

Internalizing and externalizing problem behavior in children with nocturnal and diurnal enuresis: a five-factor model perspective.

Objectives: To describe personality traits, internalizing, and externalizing problems of 6- to 12-year-old children with nocturnal and diurnal enuresis, examining differences from healthy referents, and investigating the association between personality traits and problem behavior.

Methods: Eighty-five children with combined nocturnal and diurnal enuresis were compared with 56 children with nocturnal enuresis and 155 healthy children on personality characteristics and problem behavior.

Results: Post hoc analyses of multivariate analyses indicated that parents of children with combined nocturnal and diurnal enuresis reported on average lower conscientiousness and higher neuroticism scores in their children than parents of healthy children, although the magnitude of these differences was moderate.

An assessment of internalizing problems in children with enuresis.

Purpose: We examine the internalizing problems (anxiety and depression) and self-esteem among 9 to 12-year old children with enuresis to determine whether enuretic children are more in the clinical range, and to study the correlation between child and parent report questionnaires.

Materials And Methods: A total of 84 children with daytime and/or nighttime wetting were compared to 70 without enuresis using 5 psychometric instruments adjusted for gender and type of enuresis. Differences in mean scores, percentages of children beyond the clinical range, and correlations between child and parent report questionnaires were evaluated.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children with nocturnal enuresis.

Purpose: Although the relationship between enuresis and psychopathology has been studied intensively, little is known about the prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders. We investigate the prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with nocturnal enuresis and correlate these data with clinical subtypes of enuresis/incontinence.

Materials And Methods: A total of 120 children with nocturnal enuresis 6 to 12 years old participated in a prevalence study.

Socioeconomic status as a common factor underlying the association between enuresis and psychopathology.

The association between enuresis and psychopathology (e.g., attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) has been well studied.