Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography to distinguish thyroglossal duct cysts from dermoid cysts in children with a midline neck swelling.

Introduction: Midline neck swellings are very common in children and mostly caused by thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) or dermoid cysts (DCs). Since DCs can undergo simple excision, whilst TGDCs demand more thorough resection via Sistrunk procedure, it is important to differentiate between both pre-operatively. Previous studies have suggested an ultrasound-score (SIST) based on presence of septae, wall irregularity and solid components could do so.

A Healthcare Physician Can Be Trained to Perform Intestinal Ultrasound in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Objectives: Training healthcare physicians to perform intestinal ultrasound (IUS) during outpatient visits with equal accuracy as radiologists could improve clinical management of IBD patients. We aimed to assess whether a healthcare-physician can be trained to perform IUS, with equal accuracy compared with experienced radiologists in children with iBD, and to assess inter-observer agreement.

Methods: Consecutive children, 6 to 18 years with IBD or suspicion of IBD, who underwent ileo-colonoscopy were enrolled.

Accuracy of controlled attenuation parameter compared with ultrasound for detecting hepatic steatosis in children with severe obesity.

Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) on FibroScan in detecting and grading steatosis in a screening setting and perform a head-to-head comparison with conventional B-mode ultrasound.

Methods: Sixty children with severe obesity (median BMI z-score 3.37; median age 13.

The impact of reconstruction techniques on observer performance for the detection and characterization of small pulmonary nodules in chest CT of children under 13 years.

Objective: To compare three different reconstruction techniques of CT data for the detection of pulmonary nodules in children under 13 years. Secondly to assess the prevalence of perifissural nodular opacities.

Materials And Methods: The study consisted of chest CTs of 31 children (median age 6.

Individualized lung recruitment during high-frequency ventilation in preterm infants is not associated with lung hyperinflation and air leaks.

Unlabelled: Lung recruitment during high-frequency ventilation (HFV) in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has been associated with an increased risk of lung hyperinflation and air leaks. Individualizing the lung recruitment procedure to the severity of lung disease of each patient might reduce these risks. In this prospective cohort study, we evaluated chest X-ray (CXR) characteristics during individualized oxygenation-guided lung recruitment with HFV in preterm infants with RDS, before and after surfactant therapy.

Noncirrhotic Portal Hypertension in Perinatally HIV-infected Adolescents Treated With Didanosine-containing Antiretroviral Regimens in Childhood.

Background: Noncirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) has been reported in HIV-infected adults. Antiretroviral drugs, as well as genetic and thrombophilic predisposition, have been suggested as possible etiologic factors.

Methods: Clinical data were collected from 6 HIV-infected patients attending the Infectious Diseases Departments at respectively Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Centre in Amsterdam, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London who were diagnosed with NCPH.

Reliability and responsiveness of the Juvenile Arthritis MRI Scoring (JAMRIS) system for the knee.

Objectives: To assess the reliability and responsiveness of a new Juvenile Arthritis MRI Scoring (JAMRIS) system for evaluating disease activity of the knee.

Methods: Twenty-five juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients with clinical knee involvement were studied using open-bore 1-T MRI. MRI features of synovial hypertrophy, bone marrow changes, cartilage lesions and bone erosions were independently scored by five readers using the JAMRIS system.

MRI of the breast in patients with DCIS to exclude the presence of invasive disease.

Objectives: Core biopsy underestimates invasion in more than 20% of patients with preoperatively diagnosed ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) without evidence of invasion (pure DCIS). The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to discriminate between patients with DCIS who are at high risk of invasive breast cancer and patients at low risk.

Methods: One hundred and twenty-five patients, preoperatively diagnosed with pure DCIS (128 lesions; 3 bilateral) by core-needle biopsy, were prospectively included.

A practical approach to manage additional lesions at preoperative breast MRI in patients eligible for breast conserving therapy: results.

The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of directives, established to handle additional lesions at preoperative contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Six-hundred-and-ninety consecutive patients with pathology-proven breast cancer planned for BCT based on clinical examination and conventional imaging underwent preoperative breast MRI. The incidence of additional lesions detected at MRI and impact on management were evaluated.

Ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration cytology can spare breast cancer patients unnecessary sentinel lymph node biopsy.

Background: Some 30% to 40% of the breast cancer patients scheduled for sentinel node biopsy have axillary metastasis. Pilot studies suggest that ultrasonography is useful in the preoperative detection of such nodes. The aims of this study were to evaluate the sensitivity of preoperative ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration cytology for detecting axillary metastases and to assess how often sentinel node biopsy could be avoided.

Contrast-enhanced MRI in breast cancer patients eligible for breast-conserving therapy: complementary value for subgroups of patients.

The aim of this study was to identify patients prior to breast-conserving therapy (BCT) who have complementary value of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over conventional imaging in the assessment of tumor extent. All patients were eligible for BCT according to conventional imaging, and underwent preoperative MRI as part of this study. One hundred and sixty-five patients (166 tumors) were included.

Additional breast lesions in patients eligible for breast-conserving therapy by MRI: impact on preoperative management and potential benefit of computerised analysis.

This study was conducted to assess the incidence and impact of additional findings from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the workup of patients eligible for breast-conserving therapy (BCT) and to optimise the specificity of further workup by combining radiological reading with computerised analysis. One hundred and sixteen patients eligible for BCT underwent preoperative MRI where the gold standard was histology or follow-up (median 35 months, range 23-48). The incidence of additional findings and impact on treatment (wider excision/conversion to mastectomy) were assessed.

Ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology before sentinel node biopsy in patients with penile carcinoma.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of ultrasonography (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for detecting occult lymph node metastases in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis.

Patients And Methods: Forty-three patients with 83 clinically node-negative inguinal regions were assessed with US and FNAC. The results were compared with histology from subsequent dynamic sentinel-node biopsy (DSNB) or inguinal lymph node dissection.

Clinically and mammographically occult breast lesions on MR images: potential effect of computerized assessment on clinical reading.

Purpose: To investigate if and how computerized analysis complements characterization of breast lesions with clinical reading at magnetic resonance imaging.

Materials And Methods: The institutional review board approved the use of data obtained prospectively and analyzed either prospectively with informed patient consent or retrospectively with waiver of consent. An existing computerized analysis system was retrained with 100 breast lesions (in 78 patients with mean age of 46.

Reproducibility of the assessment of tumor extent in the breast using multiple image modalities.

The accuracy of breast-conserving therapy (BCT) is limited by uncertainties in the assessment of tumor extent. These uncertainties may result in too wide treatment volumes leading to undesirable cosmetic results, or too narrow treatment volumes leading to higher probabilities of local recurrence. The aim of this study is to quantify the reproducibility of the assessment of tumor extent in the breast at preoperative diagnostic imaging with multiple imaging modalities and at pathology, applied to (1) determining minimum surgical safety margins to reduce the probability of underestimating the tumor extent due to uncertainty in the radiological assessment, and (2) defining the minimum difference between two measurements of tumor size that indicates a significant reduction of tumor extent in response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy or hormonal therapy.

Breast MR imaging in women at increased lifetime risk of breast cancer: clinical system for computerized assessment of breast lesions initial results.

The authors developed a clinical system for computerized delineation, rating, and classification of breast lesions depicted in contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance images obtained in women with increased lifetime risk of breast cancer. Initial results showed negative predictive values above 98% at 50% positive predictive value with negligible interoperator differences. The system demonstrated potential to help exclude malignancy with high confidence and reproducibility with a positive predictive value that is acceptable in screening.

Reproducibility of mammary gland structure during repeat setups in a supine position.

Purpose: In breast conserving therapy, complete excision of the tumor with an acceptable cosmetic outcome depends on accurate localization in terms of both the position of the lesion and its extent. We hypothesize that preoperative contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the patient in a supine position may be used for accurate tumor localization and marking of its extent immediately prior to surgery. Our aims in this study are to assess the reproducibility of mammary gland structure during repeat setups in a supine position, to evaluate the effect of a breast immobilization device, and to derive reproducibility margins that take internal tissue shifts into account occurring between repeat setups.