A Mobile Health Intervention to Support Collaborative Decision-Making in Mental Health Care: Development and Usability.

Background: Shared decision-making between clinicians and service users is crucial in mental health care. One significant barrier to achieving this goal is the lack of user-centered services. Integrating digital tools into mental health services holds promise for addressing some of these challenges.

Frequency and patterns of substance-induced psychosis in persons with concurrent mental health and substance use disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Norwegian register-based cohort study.

Background: Substance use may be associated with the onset of psychotic symptoms, necessitating treatment for individuals with comorbid mental health and substance use disorders (MHD/SUD). COVID-19 significantly impacted individuals with MHD/SUD, reducing access to appropriate care and treatment. Changes in drug availability and prices during the pandemic may have influenced drug consumption.

Problematic diagnosis of substance-induced disorders in ICD-11.

The ICD-11 was introduced in January 2022. In chapter 6, "Mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders" we find the section "Disorders due to substance use and addictive behaviors" (section 6C4). Changes from the ICD-10 in this section include broadening the categories of harmful use and dependence, including more types of substances, and the addition of more behavioral addictions (gaming disorder).

Discussing the concept of substance-induced psychosis (SIP).

Substance-induced psychosis (SIP) is characterized by both substance use and a psychotic state, and it is assumed that the first causes the latter. In ICD-10 the diagnosis is categorized as and grouped together with substance use disorders, and to a large extent also treated as such in the health care system. Though criticism of the diagnostic construct of SIP dates back several decades, numerous large and high-quality studies have been published during the past 5-10 years that substantiate and amplify this critique.

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Background: In the period 2002-2020, a total of 431 people were sentenced to coercive mental health care. Many of these had served time in prison, either previously or in connection with the criminal acts that led to the current sentences. This study examines the background, criminal history and mental health status of individuals before they committed the offences that led to their imprisonment.

Loneliness in adolescence and prescription of psychotropic drugs in adulthood: 23-year longitudinal population-based and registry study.

Background: The role of adolescent loneliness in adult mental health and prescriptions of psychotropic drugs remains underexplored.

Aims: We aim to determine whether (a) experiencing loneliness in adolescence and (b) changes in loneliness from adolescence to adulthood are prospectively associated with prescriptions for a variety of psychotropic drugs in adulthood.

Method: We used data from a Norwegian population-based sample with 2602 participants, collected across four waves between 1992 and 2006.

Transition From Substance-Induced Psychosis to Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder or Bipolar Disorder.

Objective: The authors investigated transitions to schizophrenia spectrum or bipolar disorder following different types of substance-induced psychosis and the impact of gender, age, number of emergency admissions related to substance-induced psychosis, and type of substance-induced psychosis on such transitions. Methods: All patients in the Norwegian Patient Registry with a diagnosis of substance-induced psychosis from 2010 to 2015 were included (N=3,187). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate cumulative transition rates from substance-induced psychosis to either schizophrenia spectrum disorder or bipolar disorder.

The effect of employment support integrated in substance use treatment: A health economic cost-effectiveness simulation of three different interventions.

Unemployment rates for individuals in treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) are high, with Norwegian estimates in the range of 81%-89%. Although Individual Placement and Support (IPS) represents a promising method to improved vocational outcome, cross-disciplinary investigations are needed to document implementation benefits and address reimbursements needs. The aim of this study was to model the potential socioeconomic value of employment support integrated in SUD treatment.

[Poor uptake of service provision at a drug-related emergency department – a qualitative study].

Background: The patient pathway for follow-up after a drug overdose, which is an important part of Norway's national overdose strategy, started up on 1 January 2022. Four years earlier, a collaboration was initiated between the ambulance service and the drug-related emergency department at Oslo University Hospital with the same aim as this patient pathway: to provide emergency follow-up in the specialist health service after a drug overdose. Uptake of the follow-up provision was minimal, and the purpose of this study was to investigate the reasons behind this.

The relationships between use of alcohol, tobacco and coffee in adolescence and mood disorders in adulthood.

Introduction: Alcohol, tobacco and coffee are commonly used substances and use in adolescence has previously been linked to mood disorders. However, few large prospective studies have investigated adolescent use in relation to mental health outcomes in adulthood. The main aim of this study was to examine the prospective associations between alcohol use, cigarette smoking and coffee consumption at age 16 and subsequent mood disorders up to 33 years of age.

Annual incidence of substance-induced psychoses in Scandinavia from 2000 to 2016.

Background: Substance-induced psychosis (SIP) is a serious condition and may predispose for schizophrenia. We know too little about SIP incidence over time and across countries, including substance-specific SIPs. We estimated annual incidence rate of SIP in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden according to substance, age, gender, and socioeconomic background.

Concentrations of psychoactive substances in blood samples from non-fatal and fatal opioid overdoses.

Aim: The primary aim was to compare concentrations of psychoactive substances in blood in non-fatal and fatal opioid overdoses. The secondary aim was to assess the concentration levels of naloxone in blood in non-fatal overdoses and the association between naloxone findings and concomitantly detected drugs.

Method Design: Case-control study.

PriSUD-Nordic-Diagnosing and Treating Substance Use Disorders in the Prison Population: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.

Background: A large proportion of the prison population experiences substance use disorders (SUDs), which are associated with poor physical and mental health, social marginalization, and economic disadvantage. Despite the global situation characterized by the incarceration of large numbers of people with SUD and the health problems associated with SUD, people in prison are underrepresented in public health research.

Objective: The overall objective of the PriSUD (Diagnosing and Treating Substance Use Disorders in Prison)-Nordic project is to develop new knowledge that will contribute to better mental and physical health, improved quality of life, and better life expectancies among people with SUD in prison.

The effect evaluation of Individual Placement and Support (IPS) for patients with substance use disorders: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of IPS versus enhanced self-help.

Background: Employment is associated with better outcomes of substance use treatment and protects against relapse after treatment completion. Unemployment rates are high for people with substance use disorders (SUD) who undergo treatment, with Norwegian estimates ranging from 81 to 91%. Evidence-based vocational models are lacking for patients in SUD treatment but exist for patients with psychosis in terms of Individual Placement and Support (IPS).

Smoking in early adulthood is prospectively associated with prescriptions of antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, antidepressants and anxiolytics.

Background: Whether smoking should be regarded as a risk factor for mental disorders remains unresolved. Prescribed psychotropic drugs can be used as indications for mental disorders. We investigated how smoking was prospectively related to prescription of antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and anxiolytics.

Use of anabolic-androgenic steroids and other substances prior to and during imprisonment - Results from the Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction (NorMA) study.

Background: Anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use is associated with health problems and substance use. Substance use is common among inmates. This study aims to estimate lifetime and prison use of AAS and other substances, compare characteristics of groups of inmates, and describe factors associated with AAS use in a national prison population.

Factors associated with drug use in prison - results from the Norwegian offender mental health and addiction (NorMA) study.

Background: Remarkably little is known about drug use during imprisonment, including whether it represents a continuation of pre-incarceration drug use, or whether prison is also a setting for drug use initiation. This paper aims to describe drug use among people in prison in Norway and investigate risk factors associated with in-prison drug use.

Methods: We used data from the Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction (NorMA) Study, a cross-sectional survey of 1499 individuals in Norwegian prisons.

Cannabis use in early adulthood is prospectively associated with prescriptions of antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and antidepressants.

Objective: Cannabis is an acknowledged risk factor for some mental disorders, but for others the evidence is inconclusive. Prescribed medicinal drugs can be used as proxies for mental disorders. In this study, we investigate how use of cannabis is prospectively related to prescription of antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and anxiolytics.

Inmates with Harmful Substance Use Increase Both Exercise and Nicotine Use Under Incarceration.

Exercise is increasingly understood as an important resource for people who engage in harmful substance use, including those in prison. Little is known about how inmates adopt various health behaviors during incarceration, without interventions. This cross-sectional study analyzed self-reports from 1464 inmates in Norwegian prisons in 2013⁻2014, compared them according to harmful substance use pre-incarceration, and explored changes in exercise and nicotine use during incarceration.

Using motivational techniques to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors in long term psychiatric inpatients: a naturalistic interventional study.

Background: People with severe mental illness have markedly reduced life expectancy; cardiometabolic disease is a major cause. Psychiatric hospital inpatients have elevated levels of cardiometabolic risk factors and are to a high degree dependent of the routines and facilities of the institutions. Studies of lifestyle interventions to reduce cardiometabolic risk in psychiatric inpatients are few.

Cardiometabolic risk factors, physical activity and psychiatric status in patients in long-term psychiatric inpatient departments.

Purpose: Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause for the markedly reduced life expectancy in people with severe mental illness (SMI). Hospital departments should provide adequate prevention of cardiometabolic risk by optimizing prevention and treatment. Characteristics of cardiometabolic risk factors in inpatients are still not well known.

Substance use and sociodemographic background as risk factors for lifetime psychotic experiences in a non-clinical sample.

Introduction: Psychotic experiences (PE) are relatively common in the general population. PE is associated with mental health impairment and may be predictive of clinical psychosis. Substance use predicts PE, but the association is insufficiently understood, particularly the role of illicit substances.